Adherence to antiretroviral therapy : a cross-sectional study of adults in Ethiopia

Abstract

Antiretroviral medications have improved the management of the Human Immunodeficiency Virus infection. However, their effectiveness in suppressing the replication of the human immunodeficiency virus is hampered by adherence levels below 95%. This study examined the influences on the use of antiretroviral therapy among adults in Ethiopia. The study is a quantitative, cross-sectional, institution-based study with descriptive and analytic components. A total of 338 patients were systematically selected. These patients were interviewed about their experiences of taking ART using a structured interview schedule. Data were sorted, coded and entered into the computer using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 16.0. Data presentations include charts, graphs and frequency tables. Patients were grouped according to their ability to adhere to treatment, based on a score derived from adherence assessment for seven days preceding the interviews. A multivariate regression model was used to determine predictors of non-adherence. Non-adherence was common among participants aged 18 to 30 years, with limited education, who were unmarried and had low-incomes. Forgetfulness and doubts about confidentiality influenced non-adherence, especially among single young females.