Is Circumcision a simple Operation? A Study about Parents’ Anxiety and Fears

Betül Mammadov; Emil Mammadov

doi:10.25159/2520-5293/9397

Authors

Betül Mammadov Near East University
Emil Mammadov Near East University

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.25159/2520-5293/9397

Keywords:

circumcision, anxiety, parents

Abstract

Objectives: To determine the factors which affect the anxiety of the parents of children undergoing circumcision.

Patients and methods: A self-structured survey and Statefulness and Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI-1 and STAI-2) were applied to both mothers and fathers (n=240) in the period prior to circumcision. STAI-1 State Anxiety Inventory was given to the parents on the day of the procedure. STAI-2 trait anxiety inventory was filled by the parents in the outpatient clinic during the preoperative preparation.

Results: The average age of the mothers was 33.21±6.00 and the average age of the fathers was 36.74±7.34. There was a significant difference between the mean scores of STAI-1 state anxiety levels between the mothers and fathers (p=0.001), showing higher state anxiety levels among both. The STAI-2 trait anxiety level scores of mothers were found to be significantly higher than fathers (p=0.002). The anxiety levels of both mothers (p=0.001) and fathers (p=0.001) increased significantly on the day of circumcision. The parental anxiety was significantly associated with education level, father’s income level, number of children, and the child’s chronic health problem. Families were mostly worried about anaesthesia complications (72.5%); risk of infection (71.7%); post-operative pain (70%); post-operative bleeding (60.3%); and inadequate removal of the foreskin (55%).

Conclusion: The anxiety levels of both parents increased significantly on the day of circumcision, but mothers’ anxiety levels were higher than fathers. Families were mostly concerned about the anaesthesia-related complications

Metrics

Metrics Loading ...

References

Andsoy, II, Alsawi, SOM. 2018. “Cerrahi Girişim Geçirecek Çocukların Babalarının Ameliyat Hakkında Bilgi ve Anksiyete Düzeylerinin Belirlenmesi.” Journal of Contemporary Medicine, September. https://doi.org/10.16899/gopctd.404261. DOI: https://doi.org/10.16899/gopctd.404261

Brook, Itzhak. 2016. “Infectious Complications of Circumcision and their Prevention.” European Urology Focus. Elsevier B.V. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.euf.2016.01.013. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.euf.2016.01.013

Charana, Aikaterini, Gregory Tripsianis, Vasiliki Matziou, Georgios Vaos, Christos Iatrou, and Pelagia Chloropoulou. 2018. “Preoperative Anxiety in Greek Children and their Parents when Presenting for Routine Surgery.” Anesthesiology Research and Practice 2018. https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/5135203. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/5135203

Douglas, Mbuyiselo, and Charles Hongoro. 2018. “The Consideration of Socioeconomic Determinants in Prevention of Traditional Male Circumcision Deaths and Complications.” American Journal of Men’s Health 12 (3): 597–607. https://doi.org/10.1177/1557988316638157. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1557988316638157

Douglas, Mbuyiselo, Thelmah Xavela Maluleke, Thabang Manyaapelo, and Vicki Pinkney-Atkinson. 2018. “Opinions and Perceptions Regarding Traditional Male Circumcision with Related Deaths and Complications.” American Journal of Men’s Health 12 (2): 453–62. https://doi.org/10.1177/1557988317736991. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1557988317736991

Gamell, Anna, Patricia Corniero, Pedro Palazon, Cristina Parra, Victoria Trenchs, and Carlos Luaces. 2011. “Parental Presence during Invasive Procedures in a Spanish Pediatric Emergency Department: Incidence, Perspectives, and Related Anxiety.” European Journal of Emergency Medicine. Eur J Emerg Med. https://doi.org/10.1097/MEJ.0b013e32834490dc. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1097/MEJ.0b013e32834490dc

Glass, J. M. 1999. “Religious Circumcision: A Jewish View.” BJU International, Supplement. BJU Int. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1464-410x.1999.0830s1017.x. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1464-410x.1999.0830s1017.x

Goldvasser, Yuri, and Kell Julliard. 2003. “Parental Anxiety Levels during Pediatric Induction with and without Administration of Premedication for General Anesthesia.” Journal of Clinical Pediatric Dentistry 28 (1): 85–88. https://doi.org/10.17796/jcpd.28.1.t03g626013575686. DOI: https://doi.org/10.17796/jcpd.28.1.t03g626013575686

Gürol, Ayşe, and Yıldız Binici. 2017. “Determination of the Factors of Affecting and Anxiety Levels of Mothers whose Children Were Going to Have a Pediatric Daily Surgery.” Journal of Dr Behcet Uz Children s Hospital. https://doi.org/10.5222/buchd.2017.029. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5222/buchd.2017.029

Hagiwara, Shin-ichiro, Yoshiko Nakayama, Manabu Tagawa, Katsuhiro Arai, Takashi Ishige, Takatsugu Murakoshi, Hiroko Sekine, et al. 2015. “Pediatric Patient and Parental Anxiety and Impressions Related to Initial Gastrointestinal Endoscopy: A Japanese Multicenter Questionnaire Study.” Scientifica 2015: 1–7. https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/797564. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/797564

Heras, Andrea, Victoria Vallejo, Marcela I. Pineda, Allan J. Jacobs, and Lourdes Cohen. 2018. “Immediate Complications of Elective Newborn Circumcision.” Hospital Pediatrics 8 (10): 615–19. https://doi.org/10.1542/hpeds.2018-0005. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1542/hpeds.2018-0005

Ikuerowo, S. O., M. J. Bioku, O. A. Omisanjo, and J. O. Esho. 2014. “Urethrocutaneous Fistula Complicating Circumcision in Children.” Nigerian Journal of Clinical Practice 17 (2): 145–48. https://doi.org/10.4103/1119-3077.127422. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4103/1119-3077.127422

İnce, Bilsev, Mehmet Dadacı, Zeynep Altuntaş, and Fatma Bilgen. 2016. “Rarely Seen Complications of Circumcision and their Management.” Turk Uroloji Dergisi 42 (1): 12–15. https://doi.org/10.5152/tud.2016.78972. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5152/tud.2016.78972

Kain, Zeev N., Linda C. Mayes, Theresa Z. O’Connor, and Domenic V. Cicchetti. 1996. “Preoperative Anxiety in Children: Predictors and Outcomes.” Archives of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine 150 (12): 1238–45. https://doi.org/10.1001/archpedi.1996.02170370016002. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1001/archpedi.1996.02170370016002

Karaca Çiftçi, Esra, Diler Aydın, and Hülya Karataş. 2016. “Determining the Reasons of Anxiety and Anxiety States of the Parents with Children Undergoing a Surgical Intervention.” The Journal of Pediatric Research 3 (1): 23–29. https://doi.org/10.4274/jpr.63644. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4274/jpr.63644

Litman, Ronald S., Andrea A. Berger, and Ashwani Chhibber. 1996. “An Evaluation of Preoperative Anxiety in a Population of Parents of Infants and Children Undergoing Ambulatory Surgery.” Paediatric Anaesthesia. Blackwell Publishing Ltd. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1460-9592.1996.d01-17.x. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1460-9592.1996.d01-17.x

Manentsa, Mmatsie, Hilary Mukudu, Nthabiseng Koloane, Ashley Ringane, Eleanor Matta, Neil A. Martinson, and Limakatso Lebina. 2019. “Complications of High Volume Circumcision: Glans Amputation in Adolescents; A Case Report.” BMC Urology 19 (1): 65. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12894-019-0462-8. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12894-019-0462-8

Messeri, Andrea, Simona Caprilli, and Paolo Busoni. 2004. “Anaesthesia Induction in Children: A Psychological Evaluation of the Efficiency of Parents’ Presence.” Paediatric Anaesthesia 14 (7): 551–56. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-9592.2004.01258.x. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-9592.2004.01258.x

Modekwe, V. I., J. O. Ugwu, O. H. Ekwunife, A. N. Osuigwe, S. O. Obiechina, I. V. Okpalike, and J. C. Orakwe. 2019. “Comparison of the Efficacy of Eutectic Mixture of Local Anesthetics (EMLA) and Dorsal Penile Nerve Block (DPNB) in Neonatal Circumcision.” Nigerian Journal of Clinical Practice 22 (12): 1737–41. https://doi.org/10.4103/njcp.njcp_266_19. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4103/njcp.njcp_266_19

Moslemi, Mohammad Kazem, Mehdi Abedinzadeh, and Mohammad Aghaali. 2011. “Evaluation of Epidemiology, Safety, and Complications of Male Circumcision Using Conventional Dissection Surgery: Experience at One Center.” Open Access Journal of Urology 3 (1): 83–87. https://doi.org/10.2147/OAJU.S17913. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2147/RRU.S17913

Muula, Adamson S., Hans W. Prozesky, Ronald H. Mataya, and Joseph I. Ikechebelu. 2007. “Prevalence of Complications of Male Circumcision in Anglophone Africa: A Systematic Review.” BMC Urology 7. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2490-7-4. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2490-7-4

Özkan, Hava, Hediye Karakoç, Sultan Esra Tedik, and Turgut Yapanoğlu. 2019. “Annelerin Sünnet Hakkındaki Bilgilerinin Belirlenmesi.” Anadolu Hemşirelik ve Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, 2019. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/ataunihem/353137.

Shirley, P. J., N. Thompson, M. Kenward, and G. Johnston. 1998. “Parental Anxiety before Elective Surgery in Children.” Anaesthesia 53 (10): 956–59. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2044.1998.00533.x. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2044.1998.00533.x

“WHO | Male Circumcision: Global Trends and Determinants of Prevalence, Safety and Acceptability.” 2014. WHO. https://www.who.int/reproductivehealth/publications/rtis/9789241596169/en/.