YOUTH AND INDIGENISATION IN THE ZIMBABWEAN PRINT MEDIA

Authors

  • Washington Mushore Film and Theatre Arts Studies Department Midlands State University

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.25159/1727-7140/1383

Keywords:

framing, youth, indigenisation, The Herald, The Zimbabwean, The Standard

Abstract

The main purpose of the indigenisation policy in Zimbabwe, according to Masunungure and Koga (2013), was to empower the historically disadvantaged groups in Zimbabwe after the nationalist government had recognised that the inherited colonial systems were unsustainable and a sure recipe for future social and political instability. Although the indigenisation policy was a very noble idea, there was no consensus – especially at the political level – on how empowerment was going to be achieved. The ruling party (ZANU-PF) saw empowerment as being best achieved through the compulsory takeover of foreign-owned businesses in order to benefit the indigenous blacks, and the main opposition party (MDC-T) perceived empowerment as the creation of more jobs for the multitudes of unemployed Zimbabweans, especially the youth. This article, however, argues that the use of nationalistic language, such as ‘the black majority’, in political discourse by politicians in most cases obscures who the real beneficiaries are or will be. In view of the above, the aim of this study is to critically explore, with the aid of framing theory, how the Zimbabwean print media have reported on the issue of youth and indigenisation in stories purposively sampled from The Herald, The Zimbabwean and The Standard newspapers.

References

Akhavan-Majid, R. and J. Ramaprasad. 1998. Framing and ideology: A comparative analysis of U.S. and Chinese newspaper coverage of the Fourth United Nations Conference on Women and the NGO Forum. Mass Communication and Society 1(2): 131–152. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/15205436.1998.9677853

Althusser, L. 1971. Ideology and ideological state apparatuses. In Lenin and philosophy, and other essays. London: New Left Books.

Brown, K. 1959. Land in Southern Rhodesia. London: Africa Bureau.

Chapman S., and D. Lupton. 1994. The fight for public health: Principles and practice of media advocacy. London: BMJ.

Curran, J., M. Gurevitch, and J. Woollacott. 1982. The study of the media: Theoretical approaches. In Culture, society and the media ed. M.

Gurevitch, T. Bennett, J. Curran, and J. Woollacott. London: Sage. Derrida, J. 1998. Of grammatology. Baltimore: John Hopkins University Press.

Durham, J. 1998: Between the furniture and the building (between a rock and a hard place). Munich: Kunstverein München.

Editorial comment: Set indigenisation record straight. See Murape, W.

Entman, R. M. 2003. Projections of power: Framing news, public opinion, & U.S foreign policy. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. DOI: https://doi.org/10.7208/chicago/9780226210735.001.0001

Indigenisation and Economic Empowerment Act 14 of 2007. Government of Zimbabwe.

Iyengar S. 1993. News coverage of the Gulf Crisis and public opinion: A study of agenda-setting, priming, and framing. Communication Research 20: 365–383. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/009365093020003002

Kress, G., and T. L. Leeuwen. 1996. Reading images: The grammar of visual design. London. Routledge.

Kuypers, J. A. 2002. Press bias and politics: How the media frame controversial issues. London. Praeger.

Maguwu, F. 2013. Zim’s Indigenisation Policy: Empowering the rich and powerful [FFZE]. The Standard, May 16.

Masenyama, K. P. 2013. Indigenisation: All systems go. The Herald, August 21.

Masunungure, E. V. and H. Koga. 2013. Zimbabweans’ views on business: Jobs vs. business takeovers. Afrobarometer Briefing Paper No. 115. http://afrobarometer.org/sites/default/

files/publications/Briefing%20paper/afrobriefno115.pdf (accessed 20 November 2014).

Muchuri, J. 2004. We will never turn back. In Exploding the myths about Zimbabwe’s land issue: The budding writers’ perspective ed. D. Nhengu and The Budding Writers Association of Zimbabwe (2–16). Harare: Weaver Press.

Mugabe, R. G. 2001. Inside the Third Chimurenga: Our land is our prosperity. Harare: The Department of Information and Publicity, Office of the President and Cabinet.

Murape, W. 2013. Editorial comment: Set indigenisation record straight. The Herald, August 24. http://www.herald.co.zw/editorial-comment-set-indigenisation-record-straight/. Available at http://www.herald.co.zw (accessed 18 November 2014)

Murdock, G., and P. Golding. 1977. Capitalism, communication and class relations. In Mass communication and society ed. J. Curran, M. Gurevitch, and J. Woollacott. London: Arnold.

Purvis, H. 2001. Media, politics and government. San Diego, CA: Harcourt College.

Ryan, M. L. 1991. Possible worlds, artificial intelligence, and narrative theory. 2nd ed. Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press.

Schon, R., and B. Rein. 1994. Frame reflection: Toward the resolution of intractable policy controversies. New York: Basic Books.

Schudson, M. 2008. Why democracies need an unlovable press. Cambridge, UK: Polity Press.

Sibanda, N. 2013. Youths did not benefit from land reform: Moyo. The Zimbabwean, December 12.

Sigal, L. V. 1973. Reporters and officials. Lexington, MA: Heath.

Waisbord, S. 2000. Watchdog journalism in South America: News, accountability, and democracy. New York: Columbia University Press.

Wallack, L. M. 1993. Media advocacy and public health: Power for prevention. London: Sage.

Woddis, J. 1960. Africa: The roots of revolt. London: Lawrence & Wishart.

Youths did not benefit from land reform: Moyo. See Sibanda, N.

Zim’s Indigenisation Policy: Empowering the rich and powerful [FFZE]. See Maguwu, F.

Published

2017-03-07

How to Cite

Mushore, Washington. 2016. “YOUTH AND INDIGENISATION IN THE ZIMBABWEAN PRINT MEDIA”. Commonwealth Youth and Development 14 (1):36-53. https://doi.org/10.25159/1727-7140/1383.

Issue

Section

Articles
Received 2016-08-12
Accepted 2016-12-08
Published 2017-03-07