RETRACTED ARTICLE: Queer Sexualities and the Reconstruction of Alternative Modes of Being in Kenyan Society in the Film Rafiki
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.25159/2663-6565/11120Keywords:
Liminal spaces, Livability, Queer Film, Queer social imaginaries, Representation, VisibilisationAbstract
Retraction Notice: “Queer Sexualities and the Reconstruction of Alternative Modes of Being in Kenyan Society in the Film Rafiki”We, the Editors and Publishers of Imbizo: International Journal of African Literary and Comparative Studies, have retracted the following article:
Mokaya, Gloria Kemunto, and Charles Kebaya. 2022. “Queer Sexualities and the Reconstruction of Alternative Modes of Being in Kenyan Society in the Film Rafiki”. Imbizo 13 (2): #11120. https://doi.org/10.25159/2663-6565/11120
Following its publication, it was brought to our attention that this article contains significant overlap with the following thesis:
Eils, Marc Sebastian. 2020. “Queer Kenyan Cinema: An analysis of the films Stories of Our Lives (2014) by Jim Chuchu and Rafiki (2018) by Wanuri Kahiu.” Master’s thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin. https://doi.org/10.18452/22918
We have been informed in our decision-making by our policy on publishing ethics and integrity and the COPE guidelines on retractions. The cover page only of the retracted article will remain online to maintain the scholarly record, but it will be digitally watermarked as “Retracted.”
Metrics
References
Adamczyk, Amy, and Cassady Pitt. 2009. “Shaping Attitudes about Homosexuality: The Role of Religion and Cultural Context.” Social Science Research 38 (2): 338–51. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssresearch.2009.01.002. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssresearch.2009.01.002
Chuchu, Jim, dir. 2014. Stories of Our Lives. The Nest Collective and Big World Cinema. Film, 62 min.
Gitonga, David Tosh, dir. 2012. Nairobi Half Life. One Fine Day Films and Ginger Ink Films. Film, 96 min.
Green-Simms, Lindsey, and Unoma Azuah. 2012: “The Video Closet: Nollywood’s Gay-Themed Movies.” Transition 107 (1): 32–49. https://doi.org/10.2979/transition.107.32. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2979/transition.107.32
Jäckle, Sebastian, and Georg Wenzelburger. 2015. “Religion, Religiosity, and the Attitudes toward Homosexuality—A Multilevel Analysis of 79 Countries.” Journal of Homosexuality 62 (2): 207–41. https://doi.org/10.1080/00918369.2014.969071. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/00918369.2014.969071
Kahiu, Wanuri, dir. 2018. Rafiki. Big World Cinema, MPM Film and Schortcut Films. Film, 82 min.
Kebaya, Charles. 2022. “Popular Art and the Reconfiguration of Political Intolerance in Kenya.” Imbizo 13 (1): 1–21. https://doi.org/10.25159/2663-6565/8290. DOI: https://doi.org/10.25159/2663-6565/8290
Laws of Kenya. (2010) 2012. Penal Code. The National Council for Law Reporting with the Authority of the Attorney-General. Accessed October 13, 2022. https://www.ilo.org/dyn/natlex/docs/ELECTRONIC/28595/115477/F-857725769/KEN28595.pdf.
Ligaga, Dina. 2020. Women, Visibility and Morality in Kenyan Popular Media. Grahamstown: African Humanities Program. https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvxcrxrj. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvxcrxrj
Lombardi, Bernie. 2018. “‘Watering the Imagination’: Childhood and the Spaces of African Queerness.” College Literature. A Journal of Critically Literary Studies 45 (4): 687–94. https://doi.org/10.1353/lit.2018.0043. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1353/lit.2018.0043
Macharia, Keguro. 2013a. “Queer Kenya in Law and Policy.” In Queer African Reader, edited by Ekine Sokari and Hakima Abbas, 273–289. Dakar: Fahamu Press.
Macharia, Keguro 2013b. “Blogging Queer Kenya.” Journal of Commonwealth and Postcolonial Studies 1 (1): 103–21.
Macharia, Keguro. 2016. “On Being Area-Studied: A Litany of Complaint.” GLQ: A Journal of Lesbian and Gay Studies 22 (2): 183–90. https://doi.org/10.1215/10642684-3428711. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1215/10642684-3428711
Mediale. 2019. “Neo Sinoxolo Musangi.” Accessed October 10, 2022. https://yorkmediale.com/artists/neo-sinoxolo-musangi/.
Musangi, Neo. 2014. “In Time and Space.” In Reclaiming Afrikan: Queer Perspectives on Sexual and Gender Identities, edited by Zethu Matebeni, 53–58. Cape Town: Modjaji Books.
Mutua, Ezekiel. 2018. “Statement by the Kenya Film Classification Board Chief Executive Officer Dr Ezekiel Mutua, MBS on the Banning of Film ‘Rafiki’.” Issued April 27, 2018. Accessed October 3, 2022. https://kfcb.co.ke/ wp-content/uploads/2018/04/CEO-STATEMENT-ON-RAFIKI-RESTRICTION-27-4-2018.pdf.
Mwachiro, Kevin, ed. 2013. Invisible: Stories from Kenya’s Queer Community. Nairobi: Goethe Institut Kenya and Native Intelligence.
Mwangi, Evan. 2010. Africa Writes Back to Self: Metafiction, Gender, Sexuality. Albany, NY: State University of New York.
Mwangi, Evan. 2014. “Queer Agency in Kenya’s Digital Media.” African Studies Review 57 (2): 93–113. https://doi.org/10.1017/asr.2014.49. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/asr.2014.49
Njau, Rebeka 1975. Ripples in the Pool. London: Heinemann.
Nyairo, Joyce. 2015. Kenya @50: Trends, Identities and the Politics of Belonging. Nairobi: Contact Zones.
Nyairo, Joyce, and James Ogude. 2003. “Specificities: Popular Music and the Negotiation of Contemporary Kenyan Identity: The Example of Nairobi City Ensemble.” Social Identities: Journal for the Study of Race, Nation and Culture 9 (3): 383–400. https://doi.org/10.1080/1350463032000129993. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/1350463032000129993
Nyanzi, Stella. 2011. “Unpacking the (Govern)mentality of African Sexuality.” In African Sexualities: A Reader, edited by Sylvia Tamale, 477–501. Cape Town: Pambazuko Press.
Nyeko, Monica Arac de. 2006. “Jambula Tree.” Accessed October 7, 2022. https://www.rug.nl/alumni/about-alumni/alumnus-of-the-year/monica-arac-de-nyeko-jambula-tree.pdf.
Ombagi, Eddie. 2019. “Nairobi Is a Shot of Whisky: Queer (Ob)Scenes in the City.” Journal of African Cultural Studies 31 (1): 106–19. https://doi.org/10.1080/13696815.2018.1484709. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/13696815.2018.1484709
Osinubi, Taiwo Adetunji. 2014. “Hostile Witnesses and Queer Life in Kenyan Prison Writing.” Eastern African Literary and Cultural Studies 1 (3–4): 152–66. https://doi.org/10.1080/23277408.2015.1065463. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/23277408.2015.1065463
Osinubi, Taiwo Adetunji. 2019. “Queer Subjects in Kenyan Cinema: Reflections on Rafiki.” Eastern African Literary and Cultural Studies 5 (1): 70–77. https://doi.org/10.1080/23277408.2019.1586311. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/23277408.2019.1586311
Spronk, Rachel. 2012. Ambiguous Pleasures: Sexuality and Middle Class Self-Perceptions in Nairobi. New York, NY: Berghahn Books.
Tamale, Sylvia, ed. 2011. African Sexualities: A Reader. Oxford: Pambazuka Press.
Van Klinken, Adriaan. 2018. “Citizenship of Love: The Politics, Ethics and Aesthetics of Sexual Citizenship in a Kenyan Gay Music Video.” Citizenship Studies 22 (6): 650–65. https://doi.org/10.1080/13621025.2018.1494901. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/13621025.2018.1494901
Van Klinken, Adriaan. 2019. Kenyan, Christian, Queer: Religion, LGBT Activism and Arts of Resistance in Africa. University Park, PA: State University Press. https://doi.org/10.1515/9780271085623. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515/9780271085623
Wainaina, Binyavanga. 2011. One Day I Will Write About This Place: A Memoir. Minneapolis, MN: Graywolf Press.
Wa Mũngai, Mbũgua. 2013. Nairobi’s “Matatu” Men: Portrait of a Subculture. Nairobi: Goethe-Institute.
West, Isaac, Michaela Frischherz, Allison Panther, and Richard Brophy. 2013. “Queer Worldmaking in the ‘It Gets Better’ Campaign.” QED: A Journal in GLBTQ Worldmaking Inaugural Issue: 49–85. https://doi.org/10.1353/qed.2013.0003. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1353/qed.2013.0003
Xaba, Makhosazana, and Karen Martin, eds. 2017. Queer Africa 2: New and Collected Fiction. Johannesburg: MaThoko’s Books.
Zabus, Chantal. 2013. Out in Africa: Same-Sex Desire in Sub-Saharan Literatures and Cultures. Rochester: Boydell and Brewer.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
Accepted 2022-08-26
Published 2022-12-24
