Cleansing Rites: An Erstwhile Practice or an Imperative? A Revisit of the Novel Umshado (The Wedding)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.25159/2663-6565/11364Keywords:
African feminisms, cleansing rite , indigenous knowledge system, widow, Zulu culture, Zulu novelAbstract
The custom of mourning and cleansing is neither new nor unique to South Africa. It is a longstanding practice that exists in many African countries. This is a custom that has been handed down from one generation to the other. Every widow is expected to mourn a loved one for a year. This article intends to interrogate the mourning rites as practised in the novel authored by Nelisiwe Zulu titled Umshado (The Wedding). The question to be asked is, should women shun some of the beneficial rites that have been handed down from generation to generation in the name of women’s emancipation? Scholars like Gumede and Mathonsi have conducted research on the novel Umshado. They applied a feminist approach in the analysis of the novel. In this article, I build on that scholarship but argue that feminism should not be used to disrespect some of the cultural practices that are held in high esteem by society, such as the cleansing ritual. Neglect of such important practices may uproot society from the cultural mores that stabilise it.
References
Atanga, L. L. 2013. “African Feminism.” In Gender and Language in Sub-Saharan Africa: Tradition, Struggle and Change, edited by L. L. Atanga, S. E. Ellece, L. Litoselliti and J. Sunderland, 301–14. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing.
Baloyi, L., and M. Makobe-Rabothata. 2014. “The African Conception of Death: A Cultural Implication.” In Toward Sustainable Development through Nurturing Diversity: Proceedings from the 21st International Congress of the International Association for Cross-Cultural Psychology, edited by L. T. B. Jackson, D. Meiring, F. J. R. Van de Vijver, E. S. Idemoudia and W. K. Gabrenya Jr., 232–43. International Association for Cross-Cultural Psychology. https://scholarworks.gvsu.edu/iaccp_papers/119/.
Daber, B. N. 2003. “The Gendered Construction of Mourning and Cleansing Rites of Widowhood amongst the Zulu Speaking People of Ndwedwe Community. KwaZulu-Natal.” MA diss., University of Kwa-Zulu Natal. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/4375.
Dei, G. J. S. 2000. “Rethinking the Role of Indigenous Knowledge in the Academy.” International Journal of Inclusive Education 4 (2): 111–32. https://doi.org/10.1080/136031100284849.
Gumede, H., and N. Mathonsi. 2019. “Double Standards on Dress Code and Lust in the Guise of Tradition in the Novel Umshado [Marriage], 2006, by N. Zulu: A Feminist Approach.” Literator 40 (1): a1593. https://doi.org/10.4102/lit.v40i1.1593.
Hudson-Weems, C. 1993. Africana Womanism: Reclaiming Ourselves. Troy, MI: Bedford Publications.
Ntshangase, S. Z. 2018. “The Power of Dreams and Religious Philosophy of the Zulu People as Portrayed in the Novel Umshado.” South African Journal of African Languages 38 (2): 237–45. https://doi.org/10.1080/02572117.2018.1463719.
Ogundipe-Leslie, M. 1994. Recreating Ourselves: African Women and Critical Transformations. Trenton, NJ: Africa World Press.
Ogunyemi, C. O. 1985. “Womanism: The Dynamics of the Contemporary Black Female Novel in English.” Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Society 11 (1): 63–80. https://doi.org/10.1086/494200.
Nnaemeka, O. 2004. “Nego Feminism: Theorizing, Practicing, and Pruning Africa’s Way.” Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Society 29 (2): 357–85. https://doi.org/10.1086/378553.
Saguti, E. 2016. “Alternative Rituals of Widow Cleansing in Relation to Women’s Sexual Rights in Zambia.” MA diss., University of KwaZulu-Natal. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/14323.
Wane, N. 2011. “African Indigenous Feminist Thought: An Anti-Colonial Project.” In The Politics of Cultural Knowledge, edited by N. Wane, A. Kempf and M. Simmons, 7–21. Rotterdam: Sense Publishers. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-6091-481-2_2.
Zulu, N. 2011. Umshado. Pretoria: Afritude.