THE PLAUSIBILITY OF PROVERBS 31 AS FINAL PARENTAL (MOTHERLY) INSTRUCTION

Authors

  • Sampson S. Ndoga North-West University (Vaal Triangle Campus) Faculty of Humanities, School of Basic Sciences P.O. Box 1174 Vanderbijlpark 1900 South Africa

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.25159/1013-8471/2811

Abstract

Proverbs 31 has been viewed as two separate poems: 31:1-9, the words of Lemuel's mother, and 31:10-31, an acrostic poem on the capable wife. Careful analysis of the two poems shows that these were juxtaposed by the redactor as a single composition through lexical and thematic links. It is equally observable that there is no title between the two compositions. Other than the shift in style where the first nine verses are prescriptive and the final 22 verses are descriptive, there is no indication to treat the two as separate. From these indicators, this paper seeks to argue for the plausibility of the final chapter as the final parental (motherly) instruction in which these formerly independent compositions are juxtaposed by the redactor for that specific purpose. This view will obviously yield some interpretational implications on the book of Proverbs that we would like to table for ongoing analysis.

Metrics

Metrics Loading ...

References

Apple, R 2011. The two wise women of Proverbs 31, Jewish Biblical Quarterly 39/3:175-180.

Atkinson, D 1996. The message of Proverbs. Leicester: IVP.

Benn, R K 1986. Factors promoting sense of attachment relationship between employed mothers and their sons, Child Development 57:1224-1231. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/1130445

Bridges, C 1981. Proverbs. Crossway Classic Commentaries. Nottingham: Crossway Books.

Bronner, L L 1991. Biblical prophetesses through rabbinic lenses, Judaism 40/2:171-183.

Bush, L V 2004. How black mothers participate in the development of manhood and masculinity: what do we know about black mothers and their sons? Journal of Negro Education 73/4:381-391. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/4129623

Buzzel, S 1988. Proverbs, in The Bible Knowledge Commentary. Grand Rapids: Victor Books.

Camp, C 1981. The wise women of 2 Samuel: A role model for women in early Israel? Catholic Biblical Quarterly 43/1:14-29.

Chitando, E 2004. ‗The good wife‘: A phenomenological re-reading of Proverbs 31:10-31 in the context of HIV/AIDS in Zimbabwe, Scriptura 86:151-159. DOI: https://doi.org/10.7833/86-0-944

Corrington, S 2001. The strange woman: power and sex in the Bible, The Jewish Quarterly Review 92/1:210-215. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1353/jqr.2001.0031

Crenshaw, J L 1988. A mother‘s instruction to her son (Proverbs 31:1-9), Perspectives in Religious Studies 15/4:9-22.

Crooks, M B 1954. The marriageable maiden of Proverbs 31:10-31. Journal of North Eastern Studies 13/3:137-140. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1086/371204

Dell, K J 2006. The book of Proverbs in social and theological context. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511488306

Farmer, K A 1991. Who knows what is good: A commentary on the books of Proverbs and Ecclesiastes. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans Publishing Company.

Fox, M V. 2007. Ethics and wisdom in the book of Proverbs, Hebrew Studies 48:75-88. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1353/hbr.2007.0028

________ 2007a. The epistemology of the book of Proverbs, Jorunal of Biblical Literature 126/4:669-684. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/27638461

________ 1983. Love, passion and perception in Israelite and Egyptian love poetry, Journal of Biblical Literature 102/2:219-228. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/3261159

Garrett, D A 2001, c1993. Vol. 14: Proverbs, Ecclesiastes, Song of songs (electronic ed.). Logos Library System; The New American Commentary (245). Nashville: Broadman & Holman Publishers.

Goff, M 2010. Qumran wisdom literature and the problem of genre, Dead Sea Discoveries 17:315-335. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1163/156851710X513566

Goittein, S D 1988. Women as creators of biblical genres, Prooftexts 8/1:1-33.

Goldingay, J 1994. Proverbs. The New Bible Commentary. Leicester: IVP.

Goldsworthy, G 1993. The tree of life: Reading Proverbs today. Sydney: AIO Press.

Goswell, G 2008. The order of books in the Hebrew Bible, JETS 51/4:673-688.

Green, Y 2006. Prolegomena to the book of Proverbs, Jewish Bible Quarterly 34:218-225.

Gutstein, N 1999. Proverbs 31:10-31: The woman of valor as allegory. Jewish Bible Quarterly 27/1:36-39.

Habtu, T 2006. Proverbs. Africa Bible Commentary. T Adeyemo (ed). Nairobi: Zondervan.

Hawkins, T R 1996. The wife of noble character in Proverbs 31:10-31, Bibliotheca Sacra 153:12-23.

Hill, A E, & Walton, J H 1991. A survey of the Old Testament. Grand Rapids: Zondervan Publishing House.

Hurowitz, V A 2001. The seventh pillar – Reconsidering the literary structure and unity of Proverbs 31, ZAW 113:209-218. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515/zatw.113.2.209

Kidner, D 1985. The wisdom of Proverbs, Job and Ecclesiastes: An introduction to biblical wisdom. Downers Grove: IVP.

Keil, C F, & Delitzsch, F 2002. Commentary on the Old Testament. Peabody, MA: Hendrickson.

Kitchen, J A 2006. Proverbs: a mentor commentary. Fearn: Christian Focus Publication.

Koptak, P E 2003. Proverbs. The NIV Application Commentary. Grand Rapids: Zondervan.

Lane, E 2000. Proverbs: everyday wisdom for everyone. Fearn: Christian Focus Publication.

Lang, B 2004. Women‘s work, household and property in two Mediterranean societies: a comparative essay on Proverbs xxxi 10-31, VT 54:188-207. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1163/156853304323018882

Levine, E 2001. Biblical women‘s marital rights, Proceedings of the American Academy for Jewish Research 63:87-135. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/3622599

Lichtenstein, M H 1982. Chiasm and symmetry in Proverbs 31, Catholic Biblical Quarterly 44:202-211.

Lichtheim, M 1973. Ancient Egyptian literature. Vol. 1. Berkeley: University of California Press.

Lindsey, E W et al. 2002. Marital conflict and boys‘ peer relationships: the mediating role of mother-son emotional reciprocity. Journal of Family Psychology 16/4:466-477. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/0893-3200.16.4.466

Loader, J A 2004. A Woman praised by women is better than a woman praised by seven men, HTS 60/3:687-701. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4102/hts.v60i3.610

Longman III, T 2006. Proverbs. Baker Commentary on the Old Testament Wisdom and Psalms. Grand Rapids: Baker Academic.

Macatangay, F M 2011. The wisdom instruction in the book of Tobit. New York: de Gruyter. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110255355

Maller, A S 2011. Solomon the too wise king, Jewish Bible Quarterly 39/2:91-94.

Masenya M 1997. Proverbs 31:10-31 in a South African context: a reading for the liberation of African (Northern Sotho) women, Semeia 78:55-68.

McKane, W 1970. Proverbs: a new approach. London: SCM Press.

Moilanen, K L et al. 2010. Self-regulating in early adolescence: relations with mother-son relationship quality and maternal regulatory support and antagonism, Journal of Youth and Adolescence 39/11:1357-1367. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10964-009-9485-x

Moore, M S 1993. ‗Wise women‘ or wisdom woman? A biblical study of women‘s roles, Restoration Quarterly 35/3:147-158.

Morman, M T & Whitney, M 2012. An exploratory analysis of critical mindsets of closeness in mother/son relationships, Journal of Family Communication 12/1:22-39. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/15267431.2011.629969

Murphy, R E 1998. Proverbs. WBC. Nashville: Thomas Nelson.

Ndoga, S S 2007. Home-based nurturing with reference to wisdom poems in the book of Proverbs and Shona proverbial wisdom. PhD dissertation. Pretoria: University of South Africa.

_______ 2011. Retrieving an organising principle for Proverbs. The South African Journal of Theology 20:17-27.

Perdue, L G 2000. Proverbs. Interpretation Series. Louisville: John Knox Press.

Pritchard, J A 1978. Ancient near Eastern texts. Princeton: Princeton University Press.

Sandoval, T J 2007. Revisiting the prologue of Proverbs, JBL 126/3:455-473. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/27638448

Sasman, L 2012. A roadmap on the challenges of the mother-son relationship. Sister Namibia 24/1:8.

Schwab, G M 2009. The book of Proverbs. Cornerstone Biblical Commentary V.7. Carol Streams: Tyndale Publishing House.

Schwartzman, G 2006. The subjectivity of the mother in the mother-son relationship: attachment, separation and autonomy, International Forum of Pschoanalysis 15:226-Shupak, N 2005. The instruction of Amenemope and Proverbs 22:17-24:22 from the perspective of contemporary research, in Troxel et al. 2005:203-220.

Smith, J E 1996. The wisdom literature and Psalms. Joplin.: College Press Pub. Co.

Swanson, J 1997. Dictionary of biblical languages with semantic domains: Hebrew (Old Testament) (electronic ed.) (DBLH 5853, #1). Oak Harbor: Logos Research Systems.

The instruction of Å uruppag. Oxford: University of Oxford, Oriental Institute. Available: http://etcsl.orinst.ox.ac.uk/cgi-bin/etcsl.cgi?text=t.5.6.1# [Accessed 2 May 2012].

Troxel, R et al. (eds.) 2005. Seeking out the wisdom of the ancients. Winona Lake: Eisenbrauns. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515/9781575065625

Waltke, B K 2005. The Book of Proverbs 15-31. NICOT. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans.

Wendland, E 2006. Committing the beauty of a wise and ‗worthy wife‘ (Proverbs 31:10-31): from Hebrew acrostic to a Tonga traditional praise poem, OTE 19/3:1239-1274.

Whybray, R N 1994. The composition of the book of Proverbs. JSOT Supp 168. Sheffield: JSOT Press.

Wolters, A 1988. Proverbs xxxi 10-31 as heroic hymn: a form-critical analysis. VT 38/4:446-457. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1163/156853388X00238

Wright III, B G 2004. Wisdom and women at Qumran, Dead Sea Discoveries 11/2:240-261. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1163/1568517041717845

Yoder, C R 2003. The woman of substance (×ֵשֶּת־חַי ל ): A socioeconomic reading of Proverbs 31:10-31, JBL 122/3:427-47. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/3268385

Downloads

Published

2017-06-22

How to Cite

Ndoga, Sampson S. 2014. “THE PLAUSIBILITY OF PROVERBS 31 AS FINAL PARENTAL (MOTHERLY) INSTRUCTION”. Journal for Semitics 23 (1):172 –194. https://doi.org/10.25159/1013-8471/2811.

Issue

Section

Back Isssues