Linguistics and Philology—Separate, Overlapping or Subordinate/Superordinate Disciplines?

Linguistic and Philological Perspectives: Papers forming part of the 2017 and 2018 SBL Linguistics and Biblical Hebrew Seminar

Authors

  • Jacobus A. Naudé University of the Free State, South Africa
  • Cynthia Miller-Naudé University of the Free State, South Africa

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.25159/2663-6573/8573

Keywords:

linguistics, philology, complexity, academic discipline, Biblical Hebrew

Abstract

In this paper, we explore arguments concerning the disciplinarity of linguistics and philology as fields of academic knowledge. We begin with a brief historical overview of philology and linguistics. We then consider the question of whether linguistics and philology in the twenty-first century should be viewed as separate disciplines or as overlapping disciplines, or whether one discipline—philology—should be viewed as a superordinate discipline which subsumes linguistics.

Metrics

Metrics Loading ...

References

Andersen, F. I., and Forbes, A. D. 2012. Biblical Hebrew Grammar Visualized. Linguistic Studies in Ancient West Semitic 6. Winona Lake, Indiana: Eisenbrauns. https://doi.org/10.5325/j.ctv18r6r9p DOI: https://doi.org/10.5325/j.ctv18r6r9p

Bajohr, H., Dorvel, B., Hessling, V., and Weitz, T. 2014. “Introduction.” In The Future of Philology: Proceedings of the 11th Annual Columbia University German Graduate Student Conference, edited by H. Bajohr, B. Dorvel, V. Hessling and T. Weitz, 1–26. Cambridge: Cambridge Scholars Press.

Barr, J. 1983 [1968]. Comparative Philology and the Text of the Old Testament. London: SCM Press.

Biber, C., Conrad, S., and Reppen, R. 1998. Corpus Linguistics: Investigating Language Structure and Use. Cambridge Approaches to Linguistics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/CB09780511804489 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511804489

Biglan, A. 1973. “The Characteristics of Subject Matters in Different Academic Areas.” Journal of Applied Psychology 57: 195–203. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0034701 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/h0034701

Bloomfield, L. 1933. Language. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston.

Boas, F. 1911. Handbook of American Indian Languages. Vol. 1. Bureau of American Ethnology, Bulletin 40. Washington: Government Print Office; Smithsonian Institution, Bureau of American Ethnology.

Boeckh, P. A. 1985 [1866]. “Philological Hermeneutics.” In The Hermeneutics Reader. Texts of the German Tradition from the Enlightenment to the Present, edited by K. Mueller-Vollmer, 132–47. Oxford: Basil Blackwell.

Campbell, L. 2013. Historical Linguistics. 3rd edition. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.

Carleton Paget, J. N. B. 1996. “The Christian Exegesis of the Old Testament in the Alexandrian Tradition.” In Hebrew Bible/Old Testament. The History of Its Interpretation. Volume 1. From the Beginnings to the Middle Ages (Until 1300) Part 1 Antiquity, edited by M. Sæbo, 478–542. Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht. https://doi.org/10.13109/9783666536366.478 DOI: https://doi.org/10.13109/9783666536366.478

Charlesworth, J. H. 2002. The Pesharim and Qumran History. Chaos or Consensus? Grand Rapids: Eerdmans.

Chomsky, N. 1981. Lectures on Government and Binding. Studies in Generative Grammar 9. Dordrecht: Foris Publications.

Chomsky, N. 1992. A Minimalist Program for Linguistic Theory. MIT Occasional Papers in Linguistics 1. Cambridge, MA: Department of Linguistics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology.

Cohen, E. B., and Lloyd, S. J. 2014. “Disciplinary Evolution and the Rise of the Transdiscipline.” Informing Science: The International Journal of an Emerging Transdiscipline 17: 189–215. https://doi.org/10.28945/2045 DOI: https://doi.org/10.28945/2045

Danker, F. W. 1988. A Century of Greco-Roman Philology. Featuring the American Philological Association and the Society of Biblical Literature. Atlanta, Georgia: Scholars Press.

De Man, P. 1986. The Resistance to Theory. Minneapolis and London: University of Minnesota Press.

De Saussure, F. 1959 [1916]. Course in General Linguistics. Translated by W. Baskin. New York: Philosophical Library.

Dik, S. C. 1989. The Theory of Functional Grammar (Part I: The Structure of the Clause). Dordrecht: Foris Publications.

Dik, S.C. 1997. The Theory of Functional Grammar (Part II: Complex and Derived Constructions). Berlin and New York: Mouton de Gruyter. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110218374 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110218374

Dilthey, W. 1985 [1926]. “The Hermeneutics of Human Language.” In The Hermeneutics Reader: Texts of the German Tradition from the Enlightenment to the Present, edited by K. Mueller-Vollmer, 148–67. Oxford: Basil Blackwell.

Driscoll, M. J. 2010. “The Words on the Page: Thoughts on Philology, Old and New.” In Creating the Medieval Saga: Versions, Variability and Editorial Interpretations of Old Norse Saga Literature, edited by J. Quinn and E. Lethbridge, 87–104. The Viking Collection 18. Copenhagen: University Press of Southern Denmark.

Eco, U. 2008. Turning Back the Clock: Hot Wars and Media Populism. New York: Random House.

Ellis, N. C., and Larsen-Freeman, D. (eds). 2009. Language as a Complex Adaptive System. Oxford: Blackwell.

Forbes, D. A., and Andersen, F. I. 2018. “The Andersen-Forbes Computational Analysis of Biblical Hebrew Grammar.” Journal for Semitics 27(1): #2936. https://doi.org/10.25159/1013-8471/2936 DOI: https://doi.org/10.25159/1013-8471/2936

Freeman, C. 2002. The Closing of the Western Mind. The Rise of Faith and the Fall of Reason. New York: Vintage Books.

Friedman, J. 1983. The Most Ancient Testimony. Sixteenth-Century Christian-Hebraica in the Age of Renaissance Nostalgia. Athens, Ohio: Ohio University Press.

Geeraerts, D., and Cuyckens, H. (eds). 2007. The Oxford Handbook of Cognitive Linguistics. New York: Oxford University Press.

Givón, T. 2009. The Genesis of Syntactic Complexity: Diachrony, Ontogeny, Neuro-cognition, Evolution. Philadelphia: John Benjamins. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1075/z.146

Gogel, S. L. 1998. A Grammar of Epigraphic Hebrew. Atlanta, Georgia: Scholars Press.

Gumbrecht, H. U. 2003. The Powers of Philology: Dynamics of Textual Scholarship. Urbana and Chicago: University of Illinois Press.

Halliday, M. A. K. 1985. An Introduction to Functional Grammar. London: Arnold.

Halliday, M. A. K., and Matthiessen, C. M. I. M. 2004. An Introduction to Functional Grammar. Third edition. London: Arnold.

Harris, Z. S. 1957. “Co-occurrence and Transformation in Linguistic Structure.” Language 33: 283–340. https://doi.org/10.2307/411155 DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/411155

Harris, Z. S. 1961. Structural Linguistics. Chicago: Chicago University Press.

Hjelmslev, L. 1928. Principes de Grammaire Générale. Copenhague: Høst & Son.

Holmstedt, R. D. 2013. “The Nexus between Textual Criticism and Linguistics: A Case Study from Leviticus.” Journal of Biblical Literature 132 (3): 473–94. https://doi.org/10.1353/jbl.2013.0044 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1353/jbl.2013.0044

Holmstedt, R. D. and Cook, J. 2018. “The Accordance Hebrew Syntactic Database Project.” Journal for Semitics 27 (1): #3010. https://doi.org/10.25159/1013-8471/3010 DOI: https://doi.org/10.25159/1013-8471/3010

Jespersen, O. 1922. Language, Its Nature, Development and Origin. London: G. Allen & Unwin.

Journal of Comparative Philology. University Park, PA: Penn State University Press.

Kingham, C., and Van Peursen, W. 2018. “The ETCBC Database of the Hebrew Bible.” Journal for Semitics 27 (1): 2974. https://doi.org/10.25159/1013-8471/2974 DOI: https://doi.org/10.25159/1013-8471/2974

Krishnan, A. 2009. What are Academic Disciplines? Some Observations on the Disciplinarity vs. Interdisciplinarity Debate. National Centre for Research Methods Working Paper. Southampton: University of Southampton.

Lakoff, G. 1987. Women, Fire, and Dangerous Things: What Categories Reveal about the Mind. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. https://doi.org/10.7208/chicago/9780226471013.001.0001 DOI: https://doi.org/10.7208/chicago/9780226471013.001.0001

Lakoff, G., and Johnson, M. 1980. Metaphors We Live By. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

Lamb, S. M. 1966. Outline of Stratificational Grammar. Washington, D.C.: Georgetown University Press.

Larsen-Freeman, D. and Cameron, L. (eds). 2008. Complex Systems and Applied Linguistics. Oxford; New York: Oxford University Press.

Levinson, S. 1983. Pragmatics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Lied, L. I. 2012. “Media Culture, New Philology, and the Pseudepigrapha: A Note on Method.” Paper presented at the Pseudepigrapha Section, Society of Biblical Literature annual meeting.

Lied, L. I. 2015. “Do Paratexts Matter? Transmission, Re-identification, and New Philology.” Paper presented at the Book History and Biblical Literatures Consultation, Society of Biblical Literature annual meeting.

Lied, L. I., and Lundhaug, H. (eds). 2017. Snapshots of Evolving Traditions: Jewish and Christian Manuscript Culture, Textual Fluidity and New Philology. Texte und Untersuchungen zur Geschichte der altchristlichen Literatur 175. Berlin: Walter de Gruyter. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110348057 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110348057

Linguistic Studies in Ancient West Semitic. University Park, PA: Penn State University Press.

Longacre, R. E. 2003. Joseph: A Story of Divine Providence: A Text Theoretical and Textlinguistic Analysis of Genesis 37 and 39–48. Second edition. Winona Lake, IN: Eisenbrauns.

Lopez, C. A. 2015. “Philological Limits of Translating Religion. Sraddha and Dharma in Hindu Texts.” In Translating Religion. What is Lost and Gained? Edited by M. DeJonge and C. Tietz, 45–69. Oxford: Routledge.

Lyons, J. 1968. Introduction to Theoretical Linguistics. London: Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781139165570 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781139165570

Marais, K. 2014. Translation Theory and Development Studies: A Complexity Theory Approach. Routledge Advances in Translation Studies. New York: Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203768280 DOI: https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203768280

Mesguich, S. K. 2008. “Early Christian Hebraists.” In Hebrew Bible/Old Testament. The History of Its Interpretation. Volume 1I. From the Renaissance to the Enlightenment, edited by M. Sæbo, 254–75. Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht. https://doi.org/10.13109/9783666539824.254 DOI: https://doi.org/10.13109/9783666539824.254

Miller-Naudé, C. L., and Naudé, J. A. 2018a. “Editorial Theory and the Range of Translations for ‘Cedars of Lebanon’ in the Septuagint.” HTS Teologiese Studies/Theological Studies 74 (1): a5059. https://doi.org/ 10.4102/hts.v74i1.5059 DOI: https://doi.org/10.4102/hts.v74i1.5059

Miller-Naudé, C. L., and Naudé, J. A. 2018b, “New Directions in the Computational Analysis of Biblical Hebrew Grammar.” Journal for Semitics 27 (1): #4628. https://doi.org/10.25159/1013-8471/4628 DOI: https://doi.org/10.25159/1013-8471/4628

Miller-Naudé, C. L., and Naudé, J. A. 2019a, “Theoretical Approaches to Anaphora and Pronouns in Biblical Hebrew.” Journal for Semitics 28 (2): #7262. https://doi.org/10.25159/2663-6573/7262 DOI: https://doi.org/10.25159/2663-6573/7262

Miller-Naudé, C. L., and Naudé, J. A. 2019b. “Differentiating Dislocations, Topicalisation, and Extraposition in Biblical Hebrew: Evidence from Negation.” Stellenbosch Papers in Linguistics 56: 179–99

Miller-Naudé, C. L., and Naudé, J. A. 2020. “Textual Interrelationships Involving the Septuagint Translations of the Precious Stones in the Breastpiece of the High Priest.” HTS Teologiese Studies/Theological Studies 76 (4): a6141. https://doi.org/10.4102/hts.v76i4.6141 DOI: https://doi.org/10.4102/hts.v76i4.6141

Montanari, F. 2015. “From Book to Edition: Philology in Ancient Greece.” In World Philology, edited by S. Pollock, B. A. Elman and K. K. Chang, 25–43. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. https://doi.org/10.4159/harvard.9780674736122.c3 DOI: https://doi.org/10.4159/harvard.9780674736122.c3

Moshavi, A., and Notarius, T. 2017. “Biblical Hebrew Linguistics: Perspectives on Data and Method.” In Advances in Biblical Hebrew Linguistics: Data, Methods, and Analyses, edited by A. Moshavi and T. Notarius, 1–24. Linguistic Studies in Ancient West Semitic 12. Winona Lake: Eisenbrauns.

Mufwene, S. S., Coupé, C., and Pellegrino, F. (eds). 2017. Complexity in Language. Developmental and Evolutionary Perspectives. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/9781107294264 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/9781107294264

Müller, M. 1861. Lectures on the Science of Language Delivered at the Royal Institution of Great Britain in April, May, and June, 1861. New York: Charles Scribner. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/14263-000

Naudé, J. A. 2012. “Diachrony in Biblical Hebrew and a Theory of Language Change and Diffusion.” In Diachrony in Biblical Hebrew, edited by C. L. Miller-Naudé and Z. Zevit, 61–82. Winona Lake: Eisenbrauns. https://doi.org/10.5325/j.ctv18r6r7n.8 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515/9781575066837-006

Naudé, J. A. and Miller-Naudé, C. L. 2016a. “The Translation of biblion and biblos in the Light of Oral and Scribal Practice.” In die Skriflig/In Luce Verbi 50 (3), a2060. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/ids.v50i3.2060 DOI: https://doi.org/10.4102/ids.v50i3.2060

Naudé, J. A. and Miller-Naudé, C. L. 2016b. “Historical Linguistics, Editorial Theory and Biblical Hebrew: The Current State of the Debate.” Journal for Semitics 25 (2): 501–31. https://doi.org/10.25159/1013-8471/2558 DOI: https://doi.org/10.25159/1013-8471/2558

Naudé, J. A. and Miller-Naudé, C. L. 2017. “At the Interface of Syntax and Prosody: Differentiating Left Dislocated and Tripartite Verbless Clauses in Biblical Hebrew.” Stellenbosch Papers in Linguistics 48: 223–38. https://doi.org/10.5774/48-0-293 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5774/48-0-293

Naudé, J. A. and Miller-Naudé, C. L. 2018a. “Lexicography and the Translation of ‘Cedars of Lebanon’ in the Septuagint.” HTS Teologiese Studies/Theological Studies 74 (3), a5042. https://doi.org/10.4102/hts.v74i3.5042 DOI: https://doi.org/10.4102/hts.v74i3.5059

Naudé, J. A. and Miller-Naudé, C. L. 2018b. “The Evolution of Biblical Hebrew Linguistics in South Africa: The Last 60 Years.” Old Testament Essays 31 (1): 12–40. https://doi.org/10.17159/2312-3621/2018/v31n1a3 DOI: https://doi.org/10.17159/2312-3621/2018/v31n1a3

Naudé, J. A. and Miller-Naudé, C. L. 2019. “Sacred Writings.” In The Routledge Handbook of Literary Translation, edited by K. Washbourne and B. Van Wyke, 181–205. London: Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315517131-13 DOI: https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315517131-13

Naudé, J. A. and Miller-Naudé, C. L. 2020. “The Septuagint Translation as the Key to the Etymology and Identification of Precious Stones in the Bible.” HTS Teologiese Studies/Theological Studies 76 (4), a6142. https://doi.org/10.4102/hts.v76i4.6142 DOI: https://doi.org/10.4102/hts.v76i4.6142

Nichols, S. G. 1990. “Introduction: Philology in a Manuscript Culture.” Speculum 65 (1): 1–10. https://doi.org/10.2307/2864468 DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/2864468

Pike, K. L. 1967. Language in Relation to a Unified Theory of the Structure of Human Behavior. Janua Linguarum, series maijor. Berlin: Mouton. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783111657158 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515/9783111657158

Pollock, S. 2009. “Future Philology? The Fate of a Soft Science in a Hard World.” Critical Inquiry 35: 931–61. https://doi.org/10.1086/599594 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1086/599594

Pollock, S. 2015. “Introduction.” In World Philology, edited by S. Pollock, B. A. Elman and K. K. Chang, 1–24. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.

Pollock, S., Elman, B. A., and Chang, K. K. (eds). 2015. World Philology. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.

Reynolds, M. 2019. “Babel: Curse or Blessing?” In Babel. Adventures in Translation, edited by D. Duncan, S. Harrison, K. Kohl, and M. Reynolds, 8–33. Oxford: Bodleian Library.

Robins, R. H. 1997. A Short History of Linguistics. Fourth edition. London: Longmans.

Rummel, E. 2008. “The Textual and Hermeneutic Work of Desiderius Erasmus of Rotterdam.” In Hebrew Bible/Old Testament. The History of Its Interpretation. Volume 1I. From the Renaissance to the Enlightenment, edited by M. Sæbo, 215–30. Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht. https://doi.org/10.13109/9783666539824.215 DOI: https://doi.org/10.13109/9783666539824.215

Said, E. W. 2004. Humanism and Democratic Criticism. New York: Columbia University Press.

Sampson, G., Gil, D., and Trudgill, P. (eds). 2009. Language Complexity as an Evolving Variable. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Sapir, E. 1921. Language: An Introduction to the Study of Speech. New York: Harcourt, Brace and Company.

Schultz-Flügel, E. 1996. “The Latin Old Testament Tradition.” In Hebrew Bible/Old Testament. The History of Its Interpretation. Volume 1. From the Beginnings to the Middle Ages (Until 1300) Part 1 Antiquity, edited by M. Sæbo, 642–62. Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht. https://doi.org/10.13109/9783666536366.642 DOI: https://doi.org/10.13109/9783666536366.642

Serenko, A., and Bontis, N. 2013. “The Intellectual Core and Impact of the Knowledge Management of Academic Discipline.” Journal of Knowledge Management 17: 137–55. https://doi.org/10.1108/13673271311300840 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/13673271311300840

Siegert, F. 1996. “Early Jewish Interpretation in a Hellenistic Style.” In Hebrew Bible/Old Testament. The History of Its Interpretation. Volume 1. From the Beginnings to the Middle Ages (Until 1300) Part 1 Antiquity, edited by M. Sæbo, 130–98. Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht. https://doi.org/10.13109/9783666536366.130 DOI: https://doi.org/10.13109/9783666536366.130

Sperber, D., and Wilson, D. 1986. Relevance: Communication and Cognition. Oxford: Basil Blackwell.

Suarez, M., and Woudhuysen, H. R. (eds). 2010. The Oxford Companion to the Book. Oxford: Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/acref/9780198606536.001.0001 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/acref/9780198606536.001.0001

Suarez, M., and Woudhuysen, H. R. 2013. The Book: A Global History. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Tannen, D. 1989. Talking Voices: Repetition, Dialogue, and Imagery in Conversational Discourse. Studies in Interactional Sociolinguistics 6. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Turner, J. 2014. Philology: The Forgotten Origins of the Modern Humanities. Princeton: Princeton University Press. https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctt5hhrxf DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctt5hhrxf

Van der Merwe, C. H. J., Naudé, J. A. and Kroeze, J. H. 2017. A Biblical Hebrew Reference Grammar. Second Edition. London: Bloomsbury T&T Clark.

Van Hamel, A.G. 1974. Geschiedenis der Taalwetenschap. Den Haag: Sevire.

Walsh, M. 2010. “Theories of Text, Editorial Theory and Textual Criticism.” In The Oxford Companion to the Book, Volume 1, edited by M. Suarez and H. R. Woudhuysen, 156–63. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Waltke, B. K., and O’Connor, M. 1990. An Introduction to Biblical Hebrew Syntax. Winona Lake, IN: Eisenbrauns.

Wang, F.-S. 2015. “Foreword.” In World Philology, edited by S. Pollock, B. A. Elman, and K. K. Chang, vii-x. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.

Whaley, L. J. 1997. Introduction to Typology: The Unity and Diversity of Language. Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE Publications. https://doi.org/10.4135/9781452233437

Whaley, L. J. 1997. Introduction to Typology: The Unity and Diversity of Language. Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE Publications. https://doi.org/10.4135/9781452233437 DOI: https://doi.org/10.4135/9781452233437

Whitney, W. D. 1867. Language and the Study of Language: Twelve Lectures on the Principles of Linguistic Science. New York: Charles Scribner.

Whitney, W. D. 1892. Max Muller and the Science of Linguistics: A Criticism. New York: D. Appleton and Company.

Whorf, B. L. 1956 [1939]. “The Relation of Habitual Thought and Behavior to Language.” In Language, Thought and Reality, edited by J. B. Carroll, 134–59. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.

Witzel, M. 1996. “How to Enter the Vedic Mind? Strategies in Translating a Bramana Text.” In Translating, Translations, Translators from India to the West, edited by Enrica Garzilli, 163–76. Harvard Oriental Series, Opera Minora, 1. Cambridge, MA: Department of Sanskrit and Indian Studies, Harvard University.

Published

2021-02-15

How to Cite

Naudé, Jacobus A., and Cynthia Miller-Naudé. 2020. “Linguistics and Philology—Separate, Overlapping or Subordinate/Superordinate Disciplines? Linguistic and Philological Perspectives: Papers Forming Part of the 2017 and 2018 SBL Linguistics and Biblical Hebrew Seminar”. Journal for Semitics 29 (2):28 pages. https://doi.org/10.25159/2663-6573/8573.

Issue

Section

Articles
Received 2020-10-21
Accepted 2021-01-05
Published 2021-02-15