THE SIGNIFICANCE OF ANCESTORS AS A CULTURAL COMPONENT IN M. MBAMBO’S AMAKROZA (1992)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.25159/1016-8427/1670Abstract
This article examines the significance of ancestors which is illustrated as a cultural component in Mncedi Mbambo’s novel entitled Amakroza (1992). It will be shown how the novel reflects the deceased as deities among amaXhosa, and the belief that they dwell in the spiritual world as spiritual beings. It will also be reflected in the study how the departed are believed to be caring for, punish and are visited and spoken to by the living. The rituals of sending off, bringing back and imbeleko, as they are associated with ancestors, will be part of the discussion. Of further importance in the novel is the idea that both males and females are regarded as valuable ancestors alike, and how the patriarchal society is challenged by having a woman officiating a ritual in the presence of men. The significance of fasting and the shedding of blood, as related to conducting a ritual, will also be alluded to. All these points will be discussed as they are illustrated in the narrative discussed in this study. The research framework will be included briefly after the introductory section of this article. Before the actual discussion of these aspects, the concept of culture will be defined as part of the introductory section. Finally, concluding remarks will be included where the summary, evaluation and recommendations are made.
References
Bobelo, N. 2008. IsiXhosa poetry on Nelson Rholihlahla Mandela. Unpublished M.A. Dissertation: University of Johannesburg.
Bongela, K. S. 2001. Isihlonipho among amaXhosa. Unpublished Doctoral thesis: University of South Africa.
Davis, R.C. & Scheleifer, R. 1989. Contemporary Literary Criticism: Literary and Cultural Studies. Addoson: Longman.
Haralambos, M. & Holborn, M. 1995. Sociology: Theme and Perspective. London: Collins Educational.
Herskovits, M.J. 1949. Man and his Works: The Science of Cultural Anthropology. New York: A. A. Knopf.
Hodgson, J. 1982. The God of the Xhosa. Cape Town: Oxford University Press.
Jafta, D. N. 1978. A Survey of Xhosa Drama. Unpublished M.A. dissertation: University of Zululand.
Kaschula, R. & Antonissen, C.1995. Communicating across Cultures in South Africa. Johannesburg: Witwatersrand University Press.
Lindsey, L.L. 1997. Gender Roles: A Sociological Perspective. New Jersey: Prentice-Hall.
Magubane, P. 1998. Vanishing Cultures of South Africa. Cape Town: Struik.
Makofane, M.D.M. & Sepota M.M. 2006. Women Abuse: A Communication and Cultural Perspective. Southern African Journal for Folklore Studies, 16(2):20–34.
Mbambo, M. 1992. Amakroza. Cape Town: Maskew Miller Longman.
Mbiti, J.S. 1990. African Religion and Philosophy. London: Heinemann International.
Mtumane, Z. 1992. Some aspects of Xhosa traditional thought as articulated in M. A. P. Ngani’s play: Umkhonto kaTshiwo. Unpublished BA. Honours article: University of Fort Hare.
Mtumane, Z. 2000. The poetry of S. M. Burns-Ncamashe. Unpublished Doctoral thesis: University of South Africa.
Mtumane, Z. 2004. Kungathintelwa Njani Ukufa Kwabakhwetha? Alice: Lovedale Press.
Qangule, Z. S. 1979. A study of theme and technique in the creative works of S.E.K.L.N. Mqhayi. Unpublished Doctoral thesis: University of Cape Town.
Rooney, K. 1999. Encarta World English Dictionary. London: Bloomsbury Publishing Plc.
Soga, T.B. 1989. Intlalo kaXhosa. Lovedale Press: Alice.
West, M. 1976. Abantu: An Introduction to Black People of South Africa. Cape Town: Maskew Miller Longman.
West, M. 1976. Abantu: An Introduction to Black People of South Africa. Cape Town: Maskew Miller Longman.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright will be vested in Unisa Press. However, as long as you do not use the article in ways which would directly conflict with the publisher's business interests, you retain the right to use your own article (provided you acknowledge the published version of the article) as follows:
- to make further copies of all or part of the published article for your use in classroom teaching;
- to make copies of the final accepted version of the article for internal distribution within your institution, or to place it on your own or your institution's website or repository, or on a site that does not charge for access to the article, but you must arrange not to make the final accepted version of the article available to the public until 18 months after the date of acceptance;
- to reuse all or part of this material in a compilation of your own works or in a textbook of which you are the author, or as the basis for a conference presentation.