Embodied Wisdom and Cultural Memory: The Role of Tshivenḓa Proverbs in Sustaining Indigenous Knowledge Systems
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.25159/2663-6697/20047Keywords:
Tshivenda Proverbs, Indigenous Knowledge Systems, Cultural Memory, Oral Tradition, Folklore, Cultural IdentityAbstract
Tshivenḓa proverbs are a vital component of indigenous knowledge systems, serving as repositories of collective wisdom, cultural values, and social norms within Tshivenḓa-speaking communities. This study explores how Tshivenḓa proverbs embody wisdom and cultural memory, thereby sustaining indigenous knowledge across generations. Drawing on the theoretical framework of oral tradition and cultural memory, the research employed qualitative methodologies, including ethnographic interviews and participatory observation, to collect data from community elders and cultural custodians. The analysis reveals that Tshivenḓa proverbs serve as dynamic tools for teaching moral conduct, fostering social cohesion and promoting environmental stewardship, thereby reinforcing communal identity and continuity. Furthermore, the study identified challenges posed by modernisation and language shift, which threaten the transmission of this oral heritage. The findings underscore the importance of preserving Tshivenḓa proverbs as living knowledge systems that not only reflect cultural history but also adapt to contemporary societal needs. This research contributes to folklore scholarship by illuminating the interplay between language, memory, and indigenous epistemologies in African oral traditions.
References
Agrawal, A. 1995. "Dismantling the Divide between Indigenous and Scientific Knowledge." Development and Change 26(3): 413-439. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-7660.1995.tb00560.x
Ashaolu, O.O. 2017. "Proverbs and the Preservation of Yorùbá Language and Cultural Values in Nollywood Movies." African Renaissance 14(3-4):65-81. https://doi.org/10.31920/2516-5305/2017/v14n3_4a5
Assmann, J., and Czaplicka, J. 1995. "Collective Memory and Cultural Identity." New German Critique 65: 125-133.
https://doi.org/10.2307/488538
Assmann, J., and Livingstone, R. 2006. Religion and Cultural Memory: Ten Studies. California: Stanford University Press.
https://doi.org/10.1515/9781503620223
Ayittey, G. 2006. Indigenous African Institutions. (ebook) Brill. https://doi.org/10.1163/ej.9781571053374.i-586
Battiste, M., and Henderson, J.S.K.J.Y. 2000. Protecting Indigenous Knowledge and Heritage: A Global Challenge. Toronto: University of British Columbia Press. https://doi.org/10.59962/9781895830439
Braun, V., and Clarke, V. 2006. "Using Thematic Analysis in Psychology." Qualitative Research in Psychology 3(2): 77-101. https://doi.org/10.1191/1478088706qp063oa
Bush, R. 2016. "Publishing Africa in French: Literary Institutions and Decolonization 1945-1967 (Vol. 37)." Studies in 20th and 21st Century Literature 1(42).
Chirima, R. 2025. "Harnessing Digital Technologies to Preserve and Promote Indigenous Knowledge Systems in Africa." International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology 10(5):4411-4416. https://doi.org/10.38124/ijisrt/25may1906
Connerton, P. 1989. How Societies Remember? London: Cambridge University Press.
https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511628061
Creswell, J.W., and Creswell, J.D. 2017. Research Design: Qualitative, Quantitative, and Mixed Methods Approach. London: Sage Publications.
Devi, S.A.R.I.T.A. and Mishra, L.A.T.A. 2019. "Oral Tradition: Significance in Culture Preservation Special Reference to African Literature." Research Journal of English Language and Literature (RJELAL) 7(3).
Dei, G.J.S. 2017. "[Re] framing Blackness and Black Solidarities through Anti-colonial and Decolonial Prisms: An Introduction." In Reframing Blackness and Black Solidarities through Anti-colonial and Decolonial Prisms, edited by G.J. S Dei, 1-30. Cham: Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-53079-6_1
Demirci, J.R. 2024. "About Research: Conducting Better Qualitative Interviews." Journal of Human Lactation 40(1):21-24.
https://doi.org/10.1177/08903344231213651
Dickson, A.A., and Mbosowo, M.D. 2014. "African Proverbs About Women: Semantic Import and Impact in African Societies." Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences 5(9):632-641.
Fardon, R. 1994. Counterworks: Managing the Diversity of Knowledge. New York: Edinburgh University Press.
Finnegan, R. 2012. Oral Literature in Africa. Cambridge: Open Book Publishers. https://doi.org/10.11647/OBP.0025
Hussein, J.W. 2005. "The Social and Ethno-cultural Construction of Masculinity and Femininity in African Proverbs." African Study Monographs 26(2):59-87.
Lord, A.B., Mitchell, S.A., and Nagy, G. 2000. The Singer of Tales (Vol. 24). Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
Lubinga, E. 2014. "Exploring the Possibility of Including African Proverbs in HIV and AIDS Messages to Influence Reception by the South African Youth." South African Journal of African Languages 34(sup1):15-22. https://doi.org/10.1080/02572117.2014.896527
Maiwong, E.D. 2025. "Understanding Environmental Degradation through African Proverbs." International Journal of Language and Literary Studies 7(3):130-157. https://doi.org/10.36892/ijlls.v7i3.2138
Makamani, R. 2012. "African Proverbs and Conflict Management: A Study of Selected Shona, Oshivambo, Yoruba and Swahili Proverbial Expressions." African Journal of Rhetoric 4(1):122-149. https://doi.org/10.2979/africonfpeacrevi.1.2.122
Makananise, F.O. 2024. "Digital Preservation of Indigenous Languages and Participatory Epistemic Knowledge Systems of the Global South." Digital Media and the Preservation of Indigenous Languages in Africa: Toward a Digitalized and Sustainable Society 21.
https://doi.org/10.5040/9798216432425.ch-1
Makhado, A. 2025. "Reconsideration of Tshivenḓa Proverbs in Preserving Tshivenḓa Language and Culture." Southern African Journal for Folklore Studies 1-17. https://doi.org/10.25159/2663-6697/19055
Mandende, I.P., Sebola, M., Mudau, M.L., and Ndhobela, A.J. 2024. "Not On My Watch: Decolonial (re) clamations of My Tshimanda, My Identity, My Language." South African Journal of Higher Education 38(2):196-216. https://doi.org/10.20853/38-2-5424
Mazrui, A.A., Mazrui, A.M., and Mazrui, A. 1998. The Power of Babel: Language and Governance in the African Experience. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Mbiti, J. S. 1990. African Religions and Philosophy (2nd ed.). Portsmouth: Heinemann.
Mbunwe-Samba, P. 2012. "Oral Tradition and the African Past." In Who Needs the Past? edited by R. Lyton, 105-118. London: Routledge.
Mieder, W. 2004. Proverbs: A Handbook. London: Greenwood Press.
Mudau, P.P., Mandende, I.P., and Mushaathoni, M. 2024. "Indigenous Language Preservation: A Study of the Tshivenḓa Speech Community in South Africa." Journal of Intercultural Communication 24(4): 1-12. https://doi.org/10.36923/jicc.v24i4.969
Nyamnjoh, F. B. 2004. "A Relevant Education for African Development - Some Epistemological Considerations." Africa Development 29(1): 161-184. https://doi.org/10.4314/ad.v29i1.22190
Okpewho, I. 1992. African Oral Literature: Backgrounds, Character, and Continuity (Vol. 710). Bloomington: Indiana University Press.
https://doi.org/10.2979/1034.0
Palinkas, L.A., Horwitz, S.M., Green, C.A., Wisdom, J.P., Duan, N., and Hoagwood, K. 2015. "Purposeful Sampling for Qualitative Data Collection and Analysis in Mixed Method Implementation Research." Administration and Policy in Mental Health and Mental Health Services Research 42(5):533-544. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10488-013-0528-y
Parangu, R.N.A., and Salim, T.A. 2018. "Indigenous Knowledge Preservation of Oral Literature 'Hahiwang' in West Lampung." PEOPLE: International Journal of Social Sciences 4(2): 1221-1232. https://doi.org/10.20319/pijss.2018.42.12211232
Ramavhunga, N. 2025. "How Urbanisation Impacts the Transmission of Cultural Knowledge and Practices from One Generation to the Next within Vhavenda Communities." International Journal of Research in Business and Social Science 14(5).
https://doi.org/10.20525/ijrbs.v14i5.4054
Raphalalani, T.D. 2021. "A Gendered Approach to Tshivenda Proverbial Expressions." Gender and Behaviour 19(2):17783-17787.
Ruth, N.B. 2023. "Ambiguity in the Selected Lusoga Proverbs." Doctoral dissertation, Makerere University.
Sithole, N.E. 2015. "The Functional Viability of Indigenous African Languages in South Africa: Challenges and Prospects of Their Survival." Doctoral dissertation, University of Zululand.
Vansina, J. 1985. Oral Tradition as History. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press.
Warren, D.M., Slikkerveer, L.J., and Brokensha, D. (eds). 1995. The Cultural Dimension of Development: Indigenous Knowledge Systems (pp. xviii+-582). https://doi.org/10.3362/9781780444734.048
Yankah, K. 1989. The Proverb in the Context of Akan Rhetoric: A Theory of Proverb Praxis. New York: Peter Lang.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright will be vested in Unisa Press. However, as long as you do not use the article in ways which would directly conflict with the publisher's business interests, you retain the right to use your own article (provided you acknowledge the published version of the article) as follows:
- to make further copies of all or part of the published article for your use in classroom teaching;
- to make copies of the final accepted version of the article for internal distribution within your institution, or to place it on your own or your institution's website or repository, or on a site that does not charge for access to the article, but you must arrange not to make the final accepted version of the article available to the public until 18 months after the date of acceptance;
- to reuse all or part of this material in a compilation of your own works or in a textbook of which you are the author, or as the basis for a conference presentation.