Roman Catholic Church and Cautious Embrace of Modern Communication Media

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.25159/2412-4265/12194

Keywords:

Roman Catholic Church , popes, communication, media, information, innovations, Africa , internet

Abstract

The Catholic Church has a complex history in its appropriation and use of modern means of communication. It has at various times sought to adapt and pushed back. Almost with equal measure, it has variously churned out instructions and guidelines and even condemnations on the heels of inventions and innovations that pushed the boundaries of traditional means of communication. For instance, the church transitioned from colourful medieval manuscripts to printed books with the invention of the printing press in the middle of the fifteenth century. Interestingly, whenever the church has been able to embrace any invention, it has almost always done so through the purviews of its mission of evangelisation. In contemporary times, Inter Mirifica (promulgated on 4 December 1963 by the Second Vatican Council) and Communio et progressio (23 May 1971) are two documents that signalled the church’s preparedness to accept the reality and phenomenon of the new frontiers ushered in by contemporary means of communication. The objective of this article is firstly to make a historical excursus of the Catholic Church’s embrace of the means of communication, characterised by caution and wariness, eagerness and enthusiasm. Secondly, it apportions a space to the Catholic Church in some African countries. It also highlights the importance attached to means of communication, especially the radio apostolate, by the local churches in those places. It does so by situating the media consciousness among local church hierarchies on the continent within the injunction of Pope John Paul II in Ecclesia in Africa.

Metrics

Metrics Loading ...

Author Biography

Valentine Ugochukwu Iheanacho, University of the Free State

Research Fellow Department of Historical and Constructive Theology Faculty of Theology, University of the Free State

References

Aineah, A. 2020. “Newly Launched Catholic Television in Kenya to Carry EWTN Programs.” ACI Africa, December 15, 2020. Accessed October 17, 2023. https://www.aciafrica.org/news/2521/newly-launched-catholic-television-in-kenya-to-carry-ewtn-programs

AMECEA (Association of Member Episcopal Conferences in Eastern Africa). n.d. “Development of AMECEA.” Accessed September 5, 2022. https://amecea.org/development-of-amecea/

Baragli, E. 2012. “Chiesa e comunicazione—Fino al Vaticano II” [Church and communication—A. Until Vatican II]. In La comunicazione. Dizionario di scienze e tecniche [Communication. Dictionary of Sciences and Techniques], edited by F. Lever, P. C. Rivoltella and A. Zanacchi. LaComunicazione. Accessed May 28, 2022. https://www.lacomunicazione.it/voce/chiesa-e-comunicazione-a-fino-al-vaticano-ii/

Benedict XVI. 2010. “Message of His Holiness Pope Benedict XVI for the 44th World Communications Day: ‘The Priest and Pastoral Ministry in a Digital World: New Media at the Service of the Word.’” Vatican: The Holy See. Accessed October 16, 2023. https://www.vatican.va/content/benedict-xvi/en/messages/communications/documents/hf_ben-xvi_mes_20100124_44th-world-communications-day.pdf

Dégert, A. 1910. “Félicité Robert de Lamennais.” In The Catholic Encyclopedia. Vol. 8. New York: Robert Appleton Company. Accessed February 24, 2021. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08762a.htm

Dulles, A. 2003. “Faith and Reason: From Vatican I to John Paul II.” In The Two Wings of Catholic Thought: Essays on Fides et ratio, edited by D. R. Foster and J. W. Koterski, 193–208. Washington, DC: The Catholic University of America Press. https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctt2852w5.13 DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctt2852w5.13

Dyikuk, J. J., I. K. Egere, and D. D. Maimako. 2021. “The Catholic Church in Nigeria and Social Media-Use: A Critical Juxtaposition.” Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences 4 (2): 296–308. https://doi.org/10.33140/JHSS.04.02.20 DOI: https://doi.org/10.33140/JHSS.04.02.20

Foster, E. 2015. “‘Entirely Christian and Entirely African’: Catholic African Students in France in the Era of Independence.” The Journal of African History 56 (2): 239–259. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0021853715000201 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0021853715000201

Francis. 2023. “Apostolic Exhortation C’Est la Confiance of the Holy Father Francis on Confidence in the Merciful Love of God for the 150th Anniversary of the Birth of Saint Therese of the Child Jesus and the Holy Face.” Libreria Editrice Vaticana. Accessed October 16, 2023. https://www.vatican.va/content/francesco/fr/apost_exhortations/documents/20231015-santateresa-delbambinogesu.html

Gribble, R. 2009. “Vatican II and the Church in Uganda: The Contribution of Bishop Vincent J. McCauley, C.S.C.” The Catholic Historical Review 95 (4): 718–740. https://doi.org/10.1353/cat.0.0540 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1353/cat.0.0540

Gribble, R. 2017. “The Press at Vatican II: The Contribution of Father Edward Heston, CSC.” American Catholic Studies 128 (1): 17–50. https://doi.org/10.1353/acs.2017.0012 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1353/acs.2017.0012

Hastings, C. B. 1988. “Hugues-Felicité Robert de Lamennais: A Catholic Pioneer of Religious Liberty.” Journal of Church and State 30 (2): 321–339. https://doi.org/10.1093/jcs/30.2.321 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/jcs/30.2.321

Heywood, L. 2006. “The Angolan Church: The Prophetic Tradition, Politics, and the State.” In The Catholic Church and the Nation-State: Comparative Perspectives, edited by P. C. Manuel, L. C. Reardon and C. Wilcox, 192–206. Washington, DC: Georgetown University Press.

Iheanacho, V. U. 2021. Historical Trajectories of Catholicism in Africa: From Catholicae Ecclesiae to Ecclesia in Africa. Eugene, OR: Wipf and Stock.

Iheanacho, V. U. 2022. “The Catholic Church and Prophetic Mission: Transitioning Church-State Relations in Africa.” In “Catholic Church–State Relations in Global Transition,” edited by J. R. Formicola, special issue, Religions 13 (4): 339. https://doi.org/10.3390/rel13040339 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/rel13040339

Ihejirika, W. C. 2009. “Research on Media, Religion and Culture in Africa: Current Trends and Debates.” African Communication Research 2 (1): 1–60.

Jennings, P., and T. Brewster. 1998. The Century. New York: Doubleday.

John Paul II. 1979. “Apostolic Exhortation Catechesi Tradendae of Pope John Paul II on Catechesis in Our Time.” Given at St. Peter’s Rome, October 16, 1979. Accessed August 10, 2022. https://fwdioc.org/apostolic-exhortation-catechesi-tradendae-english.pdf

John Paul II. 1995. “Post-Synodal Apostolic Exhortation Ecclessia in Africa of the Holy Father John Paul II to the Bishops Priests and Deacons Men and Women Religious and All the Lay Faithful on the Church in Africa and Its Evangelizing Mission towards the Year 2000.” Given at Yaoundé, Cameroon, September 14, 1995, at the Feast of the Triumph of the Cross. Accessed September 2, 2022. https://www.vatican.va/content/john-paul-ii/en/apost_exhortations/documents/hf_jp-ii_exh_14091995_ecclesia-in-africa.html

John Paul II. 2002. “Message of the Holy Father John Paul II for the 36th World Communications Day: ‘Internet: A New Forum for Proclaiming the Gospel.’” Given at the Vatican, January 24, 2002, at the Feast of Saint Francis de Sales. Accessed September 1, 2022. https://www.vatican.va/content/john-paul-ii/en/messages/communications/documents/hf_jp-ii_mes_20020122_world-communications-day.html

Kalilombe, P. A. 1991. “The Effect of the Council on World (African) Catholicism.” In Modern Catholicism: Vatican II and After, edited by A. Hastings, 310–318. London: SPCK.

Karant-Nunn, S., and U. Lotz-Heumann. 2017. “Confessional Conflict. After 500 Years: Print and Propaganda in the Protestant Reformation.” University of Arizona Libraries. Accessed October 17, 2023. https://speccoll.library.arizona.edu/online-exhibits/exhibits/show/reformation/role-of-printing

Maignant, C. 2017. “The Irish Catholic Church and the Internet.” New Hibernia Review / Iris Éireannach Nua 21 (4): 20–38. https://doi.org/10.1353/nhr.2017.0047 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1353/nhr.2017.0047

Mirus, J. 2010. “Vatican II on Social Communication.” Catholic Culture, February 18, 2010. Accessed April 15, 2022. https://www.catholicculture.org/commentary/vatican-ii-on-social-communication/

O’Hanlon, G. 2016. “Free Speech in the Church.” Studies: An Irish Quarterly Review 105 (418): 199–211.

O’Leary, S. D. 1996. “Cyberspace as Sacred Space: Communicating Religion on Computer Networks.” Journal of the American Academy of Religion 64 (4): 781–808. https://doi.org/10.1093/jaarel/LXIV.4.781 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/jaarel/LXIV.4.781

O’Malley, J. W. 2013. Trent: What Happened at the Council. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. https://doi.org/10.4159/harvard.9780674067608 DOI: https://doi.org/10.4159/harvard.9780674067608

Pius IX. 1864. The Syllabus of Errors. Papal Encyclicals Online. Accessed August 10, 2022. https://www.papalencyclicals.net/pius09/p9syll.htm

Pius XI. 1929. “Divini Illus Magistri: Encyclical of Pope Pius Xi on Christian Education to the Patriarchs, Primates, Archbishops, Bishops, and Other Ordinaries in Peace and Communion with the Apostolic See and to All the Faithful of the Catholic World.” Libreria Editrice Vaticana. Accessed September 1, 2022. https://www.vatican.va/content/pius-xi/en/encyclicals/documents/hf_p-xi_enc_31121929_divini-illius-magistri.html

Pius XII. 1954. “Apostolic Exhortation I Rapidi Progressi.” Libreria Editrice Vaticana. Accessed September 1, 2022. https://www.vatican.va/content/pius-xii/it/apost_exhortations/documents/hf_p-xii_exh_19540101_rapidi-progressi.html

Pius XII. 1957. “Encyclical Letter Miranda Prorsus.” Libreria Editrice Vaticana. Accessed September 1, 2022. https://www.vatican.va/content/pius-xii/en/encyclicals/documents/hf_p-xii_enc_08091957_miranda-prorsus.html

Pontifical Council for Social Communications. 1971. “‘Communio et progressio’: On the Means of Social Communication.” Given in Rome, on May 23, 1971, on the Fifth World Communications Day. Accessed August 10, 2022. https://www.vatican.va/roman_curia/pontifical_councils/pccs/documents/rc_pc_pccs_doc_23051971_communio_en.html

Samasumo, P. 2020. “Africa: Young Catholic Media Professions Begin Online Course.” Vatican News, December 2, 2020. Accessed October 17, 23. https://www.vaticannews.va/en/africa/news/2020-12/africa-young-catholic-media-professionals-begin-online-course.html

Samasumo, P. 2022. “Dicastery for Communication to Africa’s Bishops: The World Needs to Hear Your Voice.” Vatican News, July 26, 2022. Accessed September 2, 2022. https://www.vaticannews.va/en/africa/news/2022-07/dicastery-for-communication-to-africa-s-bishops-the-world-needs.html

Scasso, A. 2008. “La Chiesa e gli strumenti di comunicazione sociale. Sviluppi e prospettive nel 25° anniversario della promulgazione del Codice di Diritto Canonico.” Angelicum 85 (1): 115–134.

Schneider, M. 2020. “A Patron Saint of the Internet—Unofficially, Though.” Aleteia, February 5, 2020. Accessed September 1, 2022. https://aleteia.org/2020/05/02/a-patron-saint-of-the-internet-unofficially-though/

Tighe, P. 2016. “The Church in a Digital Age.” Speaking Notes, Notre Dame, October 19, 2016. Accessed August 8, 2022. https://mcgrath.nd.edu/assets/215952/ndu_text.pdf

Williams, M. E. 1991. “The Media (Inter Mirifica).” In Modern Catholicism: Vatican II and After, edited by A. Hastings, 169–171: London: SPCK.

Wooden, C. 2019. “Resource Not Risk: Pope Reflects on Using Social Media for Good.” OSV News, 2019. Accessed August 11, 2022. https://catholicnews.com/resource-not-risk-pope-reflects-on-using-social-media-for-good/

Downloads

Published

2023-11-08

How to Cite

Iheanacho, Valentine Ugochukwu. 2023. “Roman Catholic Church and Cautious Embrace of Modern Communication Media”. Studia Historiae Ecclesiasticae 49 (2):19 pages. https://doi.org/10.25159/2412-4265/12194.

Issue

Section

Articles
Received 2022-09-05
Accepted 2023-10-19
Published 2023-11-08