The Tension of Branding Basotho Traditional Initiation Ceremonies (Lebollo) “Unholy” by Roman Catholic Missionaries in Lesotho: 19th Century

Abstract

As a significant cultural ritual and rite of passage to manhood and womanhood, initiation is regarded to be among the most important phases of human growth within various South African cultures. In specific regions, especially in rural areas or where these traditions are strongly upheld, it is customary for males to undergo initiation through circumcision. Males who have not been initiated often find their opinions dismissed in discussions or scenarios that necessitate important decision-making. Similarly, females are also expected to participate in their own initiation ceremonies. Attaining acceptance into manhood (bohlankana) for males or womanhood (bosadi) for females, and gaining acknowledgment as fully-fledged humans, requires participation in a Basotho traditional initiation school along with undergoing circumcision. Upon initial examination, parallels can be drawn between Sotho traditional initiation ceremonies (lebollo) and the sacramental practices of the Roman Catholic Church (hereafter the Church) since both signify an individual’s transition into a different stage of life. This article reports on a study that delved into the conflict between Basotho cultural identity pertaining to lebollo and its practices compared with Catholic sacramental practices prevalent in Lesotho. It further investigated why the Church has labelled those who participate in traditional initiation negatively, as engaging in “unholy” practices, rather than offering support. Consequently, the negative treatment harms community members instead of encouraging them.