Southern African Journal of Security

Cybersecurity Awareness: Leveraging Emerging Technologies in the Security and Management of Libraries in Higher Education Institutions

Solomon Obotu Akor — 2024-07-16

This study investigates cybersecurity awareness, particularly within the realm of higher education institutions, where emerging technologies enhance library security and management. The paper adopts a qualitative research method through a scoping review of the literature to determine cybersecurity threats in libraries, establish the role of emerging technologies in cybersecurity, identify applications of these technologies in library security and management, and address challenges associated with their implementation. Findings reveal a diverse array of cybersecurity threats faced by libraries, ranging from malware infections to data breaches, highlighting the need for robust security measures. Emerging technologies such as Artificial Intelligence (AI), Machine Learning (ML), Blockchain, Biometric Authentication, and Internet of Things (IoT) security are identified as crucial tools for mitigating these threats and enhancing library security. Applications of these technologies include AI-powered threat detection systems, blockchain-based digital asset management platforms, and biometric authentication systems for access control. However, challenges such as interoperability issues, data privacy concerns, and budget constraints are recognised as barriers to their effective implementation. The study concludes by emphasising the importance of addressing cybersecurity issues in libraries and leveraging emerging technologies to strengthen security, resilience, and innovation in library management practices.

The Case for Arts in Reconciliation and Peacebuilding in Africa

Tameshnie Deane — 2024-08-07

In the aftermath of a violent conflict, especially where there have been mass atrocities, violations of the rule of law and human rights abuses, the achievement of reconciliation and peacebuilding remains an immensely difficult challenge. Recently, arts-based approaches to reconciliation and peacebuilding have been supported as an emerging area of research and practice. It is increasingly being seen as a central facet of peace-building and transitional justice. Despite this, arts-based approaches to peacebuilding as an area of study and practice remain under-researched. There remains a gap in understanding the impact community-devised arts projects can have on peace formation amongst diverse actors. This paper fills this gap by analysing the academic evidence to determine how arts can positively promote peacebuilding, healing, reconciliation, and social transformation in Africa. The paper highlights the role that arts and cultural programmes play as part of a spectrum of interventions linking culture, security, and development to sustainable peace. The findings show how arts can be utilised as a powerful means of communication. It suggests programmes that could serve as measures when locally led with an understanding founded in local cultural traditions. The research draws caution against the ability of arts to transform conflict-ridden areas where there is propaganda and underlying agendas. This paper identifies possible future agendas of research and practice that could create evidence based on the role that arts play in peacebuilding and policies to ensure sustainable peace and reconciliation.

Enhancing National Security and Combating Insurgency in Nigeria: The Role of the Library

Onyema Nsirim — 2024-06-05

This study underscores the integral role of libraries in promoting transparency, resilience, and collective efforts towards a more secure and stable nation. Libraries are positioned as dynamic information repositories, housing a diverse array of materials that range from academic research to intelligence analyses providing valuable insights into the complexities of insurgency. Through systematic literature reviews, articles were harvested from databases including Google Scholar, Research Gate, Academia, and ProQuest. The study examines the pivotal role of libraries in enhancing national security and combating insurgency in Nigeria. Findings reveal that libraries play a crucial role in public education and awareness, promoting literacy and critical thinking skills essential for citizens to resist extremist ideologies. Findings further indicate that the collaborative nature of libraries as neutral grounds facilitates cooperation among diverse stakeholders, fostering the exchange of insights and experiences that contribute to the development of innovative strategies. Findings recognise the contributions that libraries have made in generating new knowledge and cultivating an informed citizenry to address the root causes of insurgency and foster sustainable peace in Nigeria. The study highlights that libraries in Nigeria can play a vital role in enhancing national security and combating insurgency by serving as hubs for disseminating accurate information, fostering critical thinking skills, countering extremist propaganda, building community resilience, providing professional development opportunities, advocating for effective policies, and preserving national identity. The study recommends leveraging resource and community networks that can contribute significantly to peacebuilding efforts in the country. The study recommends the need not to overlook the role of libraries in national security and counterinsurgency efforts, offering insights into innovative approaches and strategies for addressing these challenges.

Cybersecurity Risks: A Sine Qua Non for University Libraries in Africa

Bolaji Oladokun — 2024-03-06

In addressing the pressing issue of cybersecurity risks, it is imperative to situate academics’ focus within the specific context of university libraries in Africa. The realm of information management and academic resources in this region is not exempt from the escalating challenges posed by cyberthreats. It has become evident that a gap exists in understanding and effectively mitigating these risks within the unique environment of African university libraries. This article reports on a study which indicated that academic libraries may face threats, such as line tapping, improper system processing, and the use of malicious software. These threats bear significant consequences, such as the potential loss of sensitive data, damage to reputation, and financial losses. The study therefore examined cybersecurity risks in African university libraries and the need to promote cyberethical practices. The study employed a qualitative research approach based on the explanatory research method. In so doing, the use of a systematic literature review was adopted to examine cybersecurity risks in African university libraries and the imperative to promote cyberethical practices. Using a purposive sampling technique, the researchers collected articles published between 2015 and 2023 on the databases of Emerald and ResearchGate for the review. The study findings illuminated the multifaceted nature of cybersecurity risks, encompassing issues such as malware attacks, phishing, ransomware, and identity theft. These risks, if unaddressed, can lead to severe consequences, including intellectual property theft, reputational damage, and financial losses. Therefore, the study recommends that African university libraries should prioritise cybersecurity education for both staff and users; must develop and regularly update comprehensive cyberethics policies that address the unique challenges faced in the African context; and should explore avenues for improving their technological infrastructure. Investments in advanced security systems, regular software updates, and the adoption of emerging technologies will strengthen African university libraries’ resilience against cyberthreats.

Usefulness of Artificial Intelligence to Safeguard Records in Libraries: A New Trend

Onome Osagie — 2024-06-19

This study investigated the usefulness of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in record-keeping in libraries. The objectives of the study were to analyse current trends in AI applications for record-keeping in libraries, evaluate the effectiveness of AI in protecting library records from physical and digital threats, explore the impact of AI on the efficiency and accuracy of record management in libraries, and identify potential factors that may limit the implementation of AI in library systems. Using a qualitative research approach, the study reviewed existing literature and case studies to assess AI’s contributions and limitations in library settings. The literature search was conducted using three major academic databases: Google Scholar, ResearchGate, and Emerald. These databases were selected based on their comprehensive coverage of scholarly articles, ease of access, and relevance to the fields of information science, library science, and technology. The findings revealed that AI significantly improves the automation of cataloguing and metadata management, thus reducing human error and increasing operational efficiency. AI also enhances the preservation of both digital and physical records through real-time monitoring and automated repair solutions. Additionally, AI-powered search engines provide more relevant and accurate search results by leveraging natural language processing and semantic search capabilities. However, the study also highlights challenges such as data quality issues, data privacy, biases in AI algorithms, and staff and user resistance. The policy implications include the necessity for funding and regulatory support, while practical implications involve the adoption of AI tools and staff training. For librarianship, adapting to new AI technologies and advocating for ethical AI use are essential.

A New Twist to an Age-Long Friendship: The Role of Local Defence Groups in the Conflict Between Farmers and Herders

Seun Bamidele — 2024-08-07

The relationship between farmers and herders, once characterised by symbiosis and mutual dependence, has undergone a profound transformation in many regions worldwide, marked by escalating tensions and violent conflicts over resources. This paper examines a new twist to the long-standing relationship, focusing on the emerging phenomenon of local defence groups and their impact on the dynamics of conflict between farmers and herders. Drawing on a multidisciplinary approach, this study explores the origins, motivations, organisational structures, and strategies of local defence groups operating within the context of farmer-herder conflicts using a qualitative approach that relies on secondary data from scholarly journals and newspaper editorials. The data was analysed using thematic analysis. The study established that historical grievances, socioeconomic factors, and environmental pressures fuel the emergence of these groups, often as a response to perceived failures of formal security mechanisms. This research assesses the implications of local defence groups for conflict escalation, peacebuilding efforts, and governance dynamics. While these groups may offer immediate security to communities vulnerable to violence and theft, their actions can exacerbate tensions, perpetuate cycles of revenge, and undermine prospects for long-term peace and stability.

Additionally, their interactions with formal authorities, including the police and military, raise questions about state legitimacy, rule of law, and human rights protections. Through a nuanced analysis of case studies from diverse regions affected by farmer-herder conflicts, this study sheds light on the complexities of local defence dynamics. It offers insights for policymakers, practitioners, and scholars alike. It underscores the importance of holistic approaches that address underlying drivers of conflict, promote dialogue and reconciliation, and strengthen governance structures to foster sustainable peace and coexistence between farmers and herders in the face of evolving challenges.

Assessment of Modern Preservation Practices at the Federal University Otuoke Library, Bayelsa State

Kolawole Francis Ogunbodede — 2024-06-05

The study titled Assessment of Modern Preservation Practices at the Federal University Otuoke Library, Bayelsa State, Nigeria' was conducted to evaluate the contemporary preservation practices at the library, identify challenges in implementing modern preservation methods, and propose recommendations for improvement. The assessment aims to ensure the protection of collections and fulfil the library's role as a custodian of knowledge. Qualitative research methodology was employed, and data were collected through interviews with five librarians from the electronic library, focusing on the study's relevant questions. The study included the entire population due to its small size, eliminating the need for sampling. Content analysis was utilised to analyse the collected data, and the results were summarised in a comprehensive research report. The findings revealed that the library's current preservation method is its website, with efforts underway to establish an institutional repository. However, the library faces challenges in adopting the institutional repository and other advanced preservation techniques due to limited financial resources and lack of administrative support. In conclusion, the study highlights the importance of effectively addressing financial constraints and gaining administrative support to adopt modern preservation methods. Through advocacy efforts, seeking external funds, and establishing partnerships, the Federal University Otuoke Library can enhance the preservation of its digital holdings and ensure their long-term accessibility. Based on the findings, the researchers recommended that the library establish strategic advocacy approaches to underscore the significance of digital preservation and institutional repositories and take practical measures to garner support from the university administration. Additionally, budgetary constraints should be addressed by securing financing from external sources and collaborating with institutions dedicated to digital preservation practices.

Preservation and Security of Information Resources at the Federal University Otuoke Health Care Centre, Bayelsa State

Dushu Tangkat — 2024-08-05

Considering the importance and need for efficient preservation and security of medical records in the federal university Otuoke, it is imperative to employ the use of technology to achieve this purpose. The use of technology will save funds, time, and space and prevent health hazards. The lack of technology in this digital age will lead to poor management of health records, which will invariably lead to health hazards. It is on this premise that this study seeks to investigate the preservation and security of information in the digital age at the Federal University Otuoke Healthcare Centre. The study identifies the records generated and kept, examines the factors militating against effective preservation, and determines the strategies that could be employed in preserving medical records. A descriptive research method was adopted; total enumeration sampling techniques were used as the study population of 70 was not large. A questionnaire was used for data collection, and the data was analysed using frequency count and simple percentages. The study revealed that major records generated include observations and administration of drugs and therapies, test results, x-rays, and reports, among others. Factors militating against the preservation and security of medical records indicated by respondents include lack of ICT, poor power supply, and lack of skilled manpower, among others; strategies employed for the preservation of medical records, as revealed by respondents, include shelving, cabinets, drawl air conditioning, etc. The study recommends employing a professional librarian to effectively manage the electronic facilities used to deploy electronic records.

The Advancement of 4IR Technologies and Increasing Cyberattacks in South Africa

Rabelani Dagada — 2024-03-06

The fourth industrial revolution (4IR) is an era characterised by accelerated technological progress. Even though access to 4IR technologies is not yet widespread, in the current era, 4IR technologies affect socio-economic activities and digital business. The pace of digital transformation also has some implications for cybersecurity. The purpose of this study was to assess the impact of these 4IR technologies on cyberattacks in South Africa. The study used qualitative data collection methods, namely, interviews and document collection. Purposive and convenience sampling were used to select the study participants. An analysis of the collected data yielded four major findings. A major tenet of these findings was that there is a correlation between the advancement of 4IR technologies and the rapid increase in cyberattacks in South Africa. The study has made theoretical and practical contributions as well as some essential contributions to digital transformation and cybersecurity theories. The findings and recommendations of the study can be used in other countries in southern Africa. One recommendation is for business executives to implement certain measures to strengthen cybersecurity in their organisations. Further, policymakers in South Africa are advised to ensure that public policies and law enforcement agencies are able to use advanced technologies to prevent and deal with cyberattacks.