African Customary Dispute Resolution vs Alternative Dispute Resolution for Juvenile Crime in Ghana
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.25159/2520-9515/9237Keywords:
Alternative Dispute Resolution, African Customary Dispute Resolution, Ghana, juvenile crime, restorative justiceAbstract
Juvenile delinquency is a challenge for most African states, and Ghana is no exception. Recidivism, stigmatisation and victim dissatisfaction indicate that Ghana’s formal criminal justice system, with all its merits, has posed severe challenges to the administration of juvenile justice.
This article examines the practice of Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR), which utilises restorative conflict resolution processes in place of prosecution and sentencing in juvenile justice systems of various jurisdictions. Through processes such as victim-offender mediation, ADR invites full participation and consensus between victims, offenders and persons indirectly affected by the crime committed and seeks full and direct accountability. Some inadequacies of ADR principles and practices render it less relevant to the African context. The resultant lacuna can be filled with indigenous dispute resolution practices to combat crime and its repercussions, constituting the African Dispute Resolution (AfDR). The reliance on Ubuntu in South Africa's Child Justice Act and traditional justice system mechanisms in the Democratic Republic of Congo, Rwanda and Uganda to deal with the aftermath of genocides and wars are contemporary examples of AfDR. Ghana would need to rely on AfDR to complement its formal criminal justice system to alleviate juvenile delinquency.
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Macdonald, A. 2017. “‘In the Interests of Justice?’ The International Criminal Court, Peace Talks and the Failed Quest for War Crimes Accountability in northern Uganda.” Journal of East African Studies 11 (4): 628-648. https://doi.org/10.1080/17531055.2017.1379702 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/17531055.2017.1379702
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Mangena, F. 2015. “Restorative Justice's Deep Roots in Africa.” South African Journal of Philosophy 34 (1): 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1080/02580136.2014.940572 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/02580136.2014.940572
Matambo, E. 2020. “Democracy, Human Rights and Ubuntu in Post-Apartheid South Africa's Democracy.” African Journal of Democracy & Governance 7 (2): 115-143.
Maxwell, G., and Morris, A. 2001. “Family Group Conferences and Reoffending.” In Restorative Justice for Juveniles, Conferencing, Mediation & Circles, edited by Allison Morris and Gabrielle Maxwell, 243-263. Portland: Hart Publishing.
Mbagwu, J. 2015. “Border Disputes in Africa and Traditional Approaches to Resolving Them.” In Indigenous Conflict Management Strategies in West Africa, edited by Akanmu G Adebayo, Brandon D Lundy, Jesse J Benjamin, and Joseph K Adjei, 53-64. London: Lexington Books.
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McCold, P. 2001. “Primary Restorative Justice Practices.” In Restorative Justice for Juveniles, Conferencing, Mediation & Circles, edited by Allison Morris and Gabrielle Maxwell, 41-58. Portland: Hart Publishing.
McQuoid-Mason, D. 2021. “Could traditional dispute resolution mechanisms be the solution to reducing the volume of litigation in post-colonial developing countries – particularly in Africa?” OÑATI SOCIO-LEGAL SERIES 589–604. https://doi.org/10.35295/osls.iisl/0000-0000-0000-1145 DOI: https://doi.org/10.35295/osls.iisl/0000-0000-0000-1145
Meng, A., R. Segal and E. Boden. 2013. “American Juvenile Justice System: History in the Making.” International Journal of Adolescent Medicine and Health 25 (3): 275-278. https://doi.org/10.1515/ijamh-2013-0062 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515/ijamh-2013-0062
Mensa-Bonsu, H. J., and A. Nyarko. 2012. “Transplanting the English Oak: Legalism, Legality, Legal Pluralism and the Criminal Law of Ghana.” In Reclaiming the Human Sciences and Humanities through African Perspectives, edited by Helen Lauer and Kofi Anyidoho, 1187-1216. Accra: Sub-Saharan Publishers.
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Accepted 2021-12-15
Published 2022-04-13
