Synergistic Photocatalysis of Metal Oxide-Decorated Graphene Oxide Nanocomposites for Industrial Dye Degradation: A Mini-Review

Bushra Ashiq; Muhammad Rizwan Khan; Rana Shujait Ali; Di Huang

doi:10.25159/3005-2602/21752

Authors

Bushra Ashiq Taiyuan University of Technology
Muhammad Rizwan Khan Quaid-i-Azam University
Rana Shujait Ali University of Houston
Di Huang Taiyuan University of Technology

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.25159/3005-2602/21752

Keywords:

graphene oxide, metal oxide nanoparticles, photocatalytic dye degradation, hybrid nanocomposites, wastewater remediation

Abstract

Rapid industrialisation has led to the extensive discharge of synthetic dyes into aquatic ecosystems, posing severe environmental and health hazards. While nanotechnology-based photocatalysis offers an efficient route for pollutant mineralisation, pure metal oxides often suffer from rapid charge recombination. This mini-review aims to evaluate the synergistic integration of graphene oxide with metal oxide nanoparticles, such as ZnO, Fe₃O₄, CdO, and TiO₂, to overcome these limitations. The primary objectives of this review are to summarise recent synthesis strategies, elucidate the photocatalytic mechanisms that enhance electron–hole separation, and analyse the degradation efficiency of persistent organic dyes. The graphene oxide framework provides an exceptional surface area and abundant functional groups that facilitate strong semiconductor interactions and rapid charge transport. This review also discusses current challenges regarding toxicity and scalability, and provides future perspectives for the development of sustainable wastewater remediation technologies.

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