SOUTH AFRICA'S SOFT POWER: A COMPARATIVE CONTENT ANALYSIS

Authors

  • Olusola Ogunnubi Department of Politics and International Studies, University of Zululand

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.25159/0256-8845/661

Keywords:

cultural diplomacy, DIRCO, intelligentsia, soft power

Abstract

There is an emergent literature on South Africa’s soft power. In comparison with other African nations, South Africa possesses enormous soft power assets that it could wield to gain international benefits. However, paradoxically, there is little analysis of the nexus between soft power and South Africa’s foreign policy, suggesting a lack of interest among local and international scholars. In light of this reality, this article provides a critique of the current soft power literature relating to South Africa from a comparative perspective. It explores scholars’ different conceptions of soft power and the debates on South Africa’s soft power. The article identifies three strands of Pretoria’s soft power literature and notes that more needs to be done to grapple with the idea of soft power in order to deepen the country’s use of its soft power competences. It concludes by pointing out the role of the intelligentsia and other non-state actors in assisting state agencies to grasp the utility of soft power as foreign policy leverage.

References

Baldwin, D.A. 2012. Power in international relations. In Handbook of International Relations, ed. W. Carlnaes, T. Risse and B. Simmons, 273-297. London: Sage Publishers.

Bodomo, A. 2009. Africa-China relations: Symmetry, soft power and South Africa. The China Review 9(2): 169-178.

Chiroro, B. 2012. South Africa: Optimising the currency of soft power in the international arena. Briefing No. 79. Pretoria: Africa Institute of South Africa.

Cornelissen, S., Bob, U., and Swart, K. 2011. Towards redefining the concept of legacy in relation to sport mega-events: Insights from the 2010 FIFA World Cup. Development Southern Africa 28(3): 307–318.

Dowse, S. 2011. Power play: International politics, Germany, South Africa and the FIFA World Cup. SAIIA Occasional Paper No 82, May.

Flemes, D. 2010 (Ed). Regional leadership in the global system. Farnham: Ashgate Publishing Limited.

Flemes, D. 2007. Conceptualising regional power in international relations: Lessons from the South African case (GIGA Working Papers No. 53).

Gallarotti, G.M. 2010b. Cosmopolitan power in international politics: A synthesis of realism, neoliberalism and constructivism. New York: Cambridge University Press.

Geldenhuys, D. 2011. Dealing with 'deviants': Testing South Africa's good international citizenship. Strategic Review for Southern Africa 33(2): 1-25.

Geldenhuys, D. 2010. South Africa: The idea driven foreign policy of a regional power. In Regional leadership in the global system, ed. D. Flemes. 151-167. Farnham: Ashgate Publishing Limited.

Gilpin, R. 1981. War and change in world politics. New York: Cambridge University Press.

Grix, J. and Lee, D. 2013. Soft power, sports mega-events and emerging states: The lure of the politics of attraction. Global Society 27(4): 521-536.

Li, M. 2010. China: Domestic sources of its soft power strategy. In Regional leadership in the global system, ed. D. Flemes and D. Nolte, 207-222. Farnham: Ashgate Publishing Limited.

Masters, L. 2012. Opening the ‘black box’: South African foreign policy-making. In South African Foreign Policy Review. Volume 1, ed. C. Landsberg and J. Van Wyk, 20-41. Pretoria: Africa Institute of South Africa.

Naidoo, V. (2010). Between Scylla and Charybdis: South Africa’s foreign policy dilemma in Southern Africa. Unpublished doctoral thesis, University of KwaZulu-Natal. Pietermaritzburg, South Africa.

National Planning Commission. 2012. National Development Plan 2030. Pretoria: Government Print.

Nye, J.S. 2011. The future of power. New York: Public Affairs.

Nye, J.S. 2008. Public diplomacy and soft power. The Annals of the American Academy 616(1): 94-109.

Nye, J.S. 2006. Think again: Soft power. Foreign Policy 23 February.

Nye, J.S. 2004b. Soft power: The means to success in world politics. New York: Public Affairs.

Nye, J.S. 2002. Limits of American power. Political Science Quarterly 117(4): 549-559.

Nye, J.S. 1990. Bound to lead: The changing nature of American power. New York: Basic Books.

Ogunnubi, O. and Isike, C. 2015. Regional hegemonic contention and the asymmetry of soft power: A comparative analysis of South Africa and Nigeria. Paper prepared for presentation at the 2015 TOFAC Conference, South Africa.

Ogunnubi, O and Uzodike, O. 2015. South Africa's foreign policy and the strategy of soft power, South African Journal of International Affairs, DOI: 10.1080/10220461.2015.1007078

Ogunnubi, O. 2014. ‘Hegemonic Order and Regional Stability in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Comparative Study of Nigeria and South Africa’. Doctoral thesis. University of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa.

Ogunnubi, O. and Tella, O. 2013. Hegemony or survival: South Africa’s regional pursuit of soft power and the challenges of xenophobia’, Paper presented at the TOFAC conference, Lagos, June 30 to July 3.

Sidiropoulos, E. 2014. South Africa’s emerging soft power. Current History 113(763): 197-202.

Sidiropoulos, E. 2012. South Africa: Development, international cooperation and soft power. In Development Cooperation and Emerging Powers. New partners or old patterns? ed. S. Chaturvedi, T. Fues, and E. Sidiropoulos, 216-242. London/New York: Zed Books.

Smith, K. 2011. South Africa and India as regional leaders: Gaining acceptance and legitimacy through the use of soft power. In South-South Cooperation: Africa on the Centre Stage, ed. R. Modi, Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.

Sidiropoulos, E. (ed), .2007. Foreign Policy of Africa (Johannesburg: South African Institute of International Affairs).

Smith, K. 2012. Soft power: The essence of South Africa’s foreign policy. In South African Foreign Policy Review. Volume 1, ed. C. Landsberg and J. Van Wyk, 68-83. Pretoria: Africa Institute of South Africa.

Smith, K. 2010. Acceptance and legitimacy through soft power. Closing the gap between domestic and foreign policy. Conference proceedings of the 2009 DIRCO Annual Conference. Pretoria: Department of International Relations and Cooperation.

Thussu, D.K. 2013. Communicating India’s soft power: Buddha to Bollywood. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.

Van der Westhuizen, J. 2006. Looking from the South upwards: Towards a reconceptualisation of soft power. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the International Studies Association, Town & Country Resort and Convention Center, San Diego, California, USA.

Van Wyk, J. 2014. South African soft power and its regional leadership: The use of special envoys. Working Paper presented at the SAIIA 80th Anniversary Foreign Policy Conference, 28-30 October. Pretoria: South Africa.

Van Wyk, J. 2012. Reflections on South Africa’s post-apartheid foreign policy and preliminary comments on future foreign policy. In South African Foreign Policy Review. Volume 1, ed. C. Landsberg and J. Van Wyk, 274-289. Pretoria: Africa Institute of South Africa.

Waltz, K.N. 1986. Reflections on theory of international politics: A response to my critics. In Neoliberalism and its critics, ed. R.O. Keohane, 322-345. New York: University Press.

Yazini, F.A. 2009. Assessing South Africa’s strategic options of soft power application through civic interest groups. African Journal of Conflict Resolution 9(1): 123-144.

Downloads

Published

2015-11-25

How to Cite

Ogunnubi, Olusola. 2015. “SOUTH AFRICA’S SOFT POWER: A COMPARATIVE CONTENT ANALYSIS”. Politeia 34 (2):40-58. https://doi.org/10.25159/0256-8845/661.

Issue

Section

Articles
Received 2015-11-25
Accepted 2015-11-25
Published 2015-11-25