Promoting Ecological Citizenship: Social Work Approach to Save the Environment for Sustainable Livelihood
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.25159/2708-9355/18277Keywords:
climate change, ecological citizenship, environment, livelihood, social work approach, sustainableAbstract
Ecological citizenship is gaining recognition as a strategy to mitigate the impact of climate change. Climate change continues to pose a threat to the well-being of individuals, families, groups, and communities. Not only does it affect the environment, resulting in environmental degradation posing a threat to the general well-being of individuals, but it also has consequences for society since it compromises livelihood. Environmental degradation, as a cause of climate change, also threatens their society and future generations’ well-being. The devastating floods that caused massive destruction in KwaZulu-Natal and the Eastern Cape in April 2022 are some of the factors that result in environmental degradation, thereby increasing vulnerability, which serves as a reminder of the significant role of ecological citizenship. Social work has a responsibility to help improve the quality of life, especially of marginalised and vulnerable populations, and can, therefore, play a crucial role in minimising the devastating effects of climate change through promoting ecological citizenship. Promoting green behaviour among citizens is one way in which social workers can indicate their commitment to sustainable development. Because environmental problems are proving to have a social angle, social workers should include the attainment of environmental justice and sustainability as part of their social interventions. In addition, social work can influence the environmental actions of various stakeholders. This paper offers a pragmatic approach rooted in social work to consider ecological citizenship to support sustainable livelihood. Informed by approaches and processes in social work, this paper explores and describes the role of social work in promoting ecological citizenship to achieve sustainable livelihood.
References
Adetoro, A.A., S. Abraham, A. L. Paraskevopoulos, E. Owusu-Sekyere, H. Jordaan, and I. R. Orimoloye. 2020. “Alleviating Water Shortages by Decreasing Water Footprint in Sugarcane Production: The Impacts of Different Soil Mulching and Irrigation Systems in South Africa.” Groundwater for Sustainable Development 11: 100464. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gsd.2020.100464 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gsd.2020.100464
AfricaNews, 2022. “As South Africa Flood Toll Nears 400, Rescuers Continue Search for Missing”. [online] https://www.africanews.com/2022/04/16/as-south-africa-flood-toll-nears-400-rescuers-continue-search-for-missing/
Aggarwal, P. K. and A. K. Singh. 2010. “Implications of Global Climatic Change on Water and food security.” In Global change: Impacts on Water and Food Security, edited by C. Ringler, A. K. Biswas and A. C. Sarah, 49-63. New York: Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-04615-5_3 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-04615-5_3
Alston, M. 2015. “Social Work, Climate Change and Global Cooperation.” International Social Work 58(3): 355-363. https://doi.org/10.1177/0020872814556824 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0020872814556824
Anderson, A. A. 2017. Effects of Social Media Use on Climate Change Opinion, Knowledge, and Behavior”. Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Climate Science. Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190228620.013.369 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190228620.013.369
Arkert, L. and I. Jacobs, 2021. “Ecological Social Work in South Africa and the Way Forward.” In Practical and Political Approaches to Recontextualizing Social Work, edited by J. Boulet and L. Hawkins, 151–174. Hershey, PA: IGI Global, 2021. https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-6784-5.ch008 DOI: https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-6784-5.ch008
Arkert, L. and I. Jacobs. 2023. “Social Work Educators’ Perceptions of the Importance and Relevance of Environmental Social Work.” Social Work/Maatskaplike Werk 59 (1): 129–51. https://doi.org/10.15270/59-1-1097 DOI: https://doi.org/10.15270/59-1-1097
Barbut, M. and S. Alexander. 2016. “Land Degradation as a Security Threat Amplifier: The New Global Frontline.” Land Restoration, 3–12. Academic Press. https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-801231-4.00001-x DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-801231-4.00001-X
Boetto, H. 2017. “A Transformative eco-social model: Challenging modernist assumptions in social work.” British Journal of Social Work 47 (1): 48–67. https://doi.org/10.1093/bjsw/bcw149 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/bjsw/bcw149
Boetto, H. 2019. “Advancing Transformative Eco-Social Change: Shifting from Modernist to Holistic Foundations.” Australian Social Work 72 (2): 139–51. https://doi.org/10.1080/0312407x.2018.1484501 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/0312407X.2018.1484501
Cammarano, D., R. O. Valdivia, Y. G. Beletse, W. Durand, O. Crespo, W. A. Tesfuhuney, M. R. Jones, S. Walker, T. N. Mpuisang, C. Nhemachena, A. C. Ruane, C. Mutter, C. Rosenzweig, and J. Antle. 2020. “Integrated Assessment of Climate Change Impacts on Crop Productivity and Income of Commercial Maize Farms in Northeast South Africa.” Food Security, April. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12571-020-01023-0 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12571-020-01023-0
Connolly-Boutin, L., and B. Smit. 2015. “Climate Change, Food Security, and Livelihoods in Sub-Saharan Africa.” Regional Environmental Change 16 (2): 385–99. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10113-015-0761-x DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10113-015-0761-x
Department of Environmental Affairs. 2017. South Africa’s Third National Communication under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/South%20African%20TNC%20Report%20%20to%20the%20UNFCCC_31%20Aug.pdf
Dominelli, L. (Ed.). 2018. Revitalising communities in a globalising world. London: Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781351150088 DOI: https://doi.org/10.4324/9781351150088
Dominelli, L. 2012. Green Social Work. From Environmental Crises to Environmental Justice. Cambridge: Polity Press.
Dominelli, L. and H. Ku. 2017. “Green Social Work and Its Implications for Social Development in China.” China Journal of Social Work 10 (1): 3–22. https://doi.org/10.1080/17525098.2017.1300338 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/17525098.2017.1300338
Drolet, J. L. and T. Sampson. 2017. “Addressing Climate Change from a Social Development Approach: Small Cities and Rural Communities’ Adaptation and Response to Climate Change in British Columbia, Canada.” International Social Work 60 (1): 61–73. https://doi.org/10.1177/0020872814539984 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0020872814539984
Ebhuoma, E.E., F. K. Donkor, O. O. Ebhuoma, L. Leonard, and H. B. Tantoh. 2020. “Subsistence Farmers’ Differential Vulnerability to Drought in Mpumalanga Province, South Africa: Under the Political Ecology Spotlight.” Cogent Social Sciences 6: 1792155. https://doi.org/10.1080/23311886.2020.1792155 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/23311886.2020.1792155
Egan, G. 2013. The skilled helper: a problem-management and opportunity development approach to helping. 9th Ed. Belmont: CA Brooks/Cole, Cengage Learning
Fagan, E. E. Grenen, and M. McGlynn. 2018. “Social Work in the Digital Age”. Advocates Forum, 1–14.
Forrester, D., D. Westlake, and G. Glynn. 2012. “Parental Resistance and Social Worker Skills: Towards a Theory of Motivational Social Work.” Child & Family Social Work 17 (2): 118–29. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2206.2012.00837.x DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2206.2012.00837.x
Fortune, A. E., M. Lee, and A. Cavazos. 2007. “Does Practice Make Perfect? Practicing Professional Skills and Outcomes in Social Work Field Education.” The Clinical Supervisor 26(1-2): 239–63. https://doi.org/10.1300/J001v26n01_15 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1300/J001v26n01_15
Foxwell-Norton, K. B. Backhaus, and A. Leitch. 2022. “Warming Up: The Potential of Community Radio for Climate Change Communication in Australia.” Journal of Alternative & Community Media 7 (1): 67–89. https://doi.org/10.1386/jacm_00105_1 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1386/jacm_00105_1
Gitz, V., A. Meybeck, L. Lipper, C. De Young, and S. Braatz. 2016. “Climate Change and Food Security: Risks and Responses.” Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) Report 110 (2): 3–36. https://openknowledge.fao.org/server/api/core/bitstream/a4fd8ac5-4a66-91b0-55abf642a42a400/content
Gockel, A. and D. L. Burton. 2014 “An Evaluation of Prepracticum Helping Skills Training for Graduate Social Work Students.” Journal of Social Work Education 50 (1): 101–19. https://doi.org/10.1080/10437797.2014.856234 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/10437797.2014.856234
Gunawati, D. and T. Rejekiningsih. 2020. “Building Ecological Citizens through the Implementation of Climate Village Programs as Climate Change Mitigation Effort.” In Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Learning Innovation and Quality Education (ICLIQE 2019), 1124–31. Atlantis Press. https://doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.200129.139 DOI: https://doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.200129.139
Halabuza, D. 2014. “Guidelines for social workers’ use of social networking websites.” Journal of Social Work Values & Ethics 11 (1): 23–32. https://www.jswve.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/10-011-104-JSWVE-2014.pdf
Harvey, C.A. M. Saborio-Rodríguez, M. R. Martinez-Rodríguez, B. Viguera, A. Chain-Guadarrama, R. Vignola, and F. Alpizar. 2018. “Climate Change Impacts and Adaptation among Smallholder Farmers in Central America.” Agriculture & Food Security 7 (1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40066-018-0209-x DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40066-018-0209-x
Hayhoe, K., D. J. Wuebbles, D. R. Easterling, D. W. Fahey, S. Doherty, J. Kossin, W. Sweet, R. Vose, and M. Wehner. 2018. “Our Changing Climate.” In Impacts, Risks, and Adaptation in the United States: Fourth National Climate Assessment, Volume II edited by D. R. Reidmiller, C. W. Avery, D. R. Easterling, K. E. Kunkel, K. L. M. Lewis, T. K. Maycock, and B. C. Stewart (eds.). U.S. Global Change Research Program, Washington, DC, USA, pp. 72–144. https://doi.org/10.7930/nca4.2018.ch2 DOI: https://doi.org/10.7930/NCA4.2018.CH2
Hobson, K. 2013. “On the Making of the Environmental Citizen”. Environmental Politics 22 (1): 56–72. https://doi.org/10.1080/09644016.2013.755388 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/09644016.2013.755388
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. 2014. “Climate Change 2014: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability”. Part A: Global and Sectoral Aspects. Contribution of Working Group II to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, 485–533. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
International Federation for Social Workers. 2022. “The Role of Social Workers in Advancing a New Eeco-social World”.
Jagers, S. C., J. Martinsson, and S. Matti. 2014. “Ecological Citizenship: A Driver of Pro-environmental Behaviour?” Environmental Politics 23(3): 434–453. https://doi.org/10.1080/09644016.2013.835202 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/09644016.2013.835202
Joubert, L. 2009. Climate Change, Development and Energy Problems in South Africa: Another World is Possible. Johannesburg: Wits University Press.
Joubert, L. 2011. “South Africa’s Changing Climate. Current Allergy & Clinical Immunology 24 (2): 62–64. https://journals.co.za/doi/pdf/10.10520/EJC21715
Kabir, S. M. S. 2016. “Basic Guidelines for Research.” An introductory approach for all disciplines 4 (2): 68–180. https://BASIC-GUIDELINES-FOR-RESEARCH-An-Introductory-Approach-for-All-Disciplines.pdf
Karatekin, K. and C. Uysal. 2018. “Ecological citizenship scale development study.” International Electronic Journal of Environmental Education, 8(2): 82–104. https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1180924.pdf
Karpetis, G. 2018. “Social Work Skills: A Narrative Review of the Literature.” British Journal of Social Work 48: 596-615. https://doi.org/10.1093/bjsw/bcx066 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/bjsw/bcx066
Kemp, S. P., L. A. Palinkas, M. Wong, and K. Wagner. 2015. “Strengthening the Social Response to the Human Impacts of Environmental Change.” Grand Challenges for Social Work Initiative Working Paper 5: 1–31. https://grandchallengesforsocialwork.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/12/WP5-with-cover.pdf
Kumssa, A. and J. F. Jones. 2014. “Human Security Issues of Somali Refugees and the Host Community in Northeastern Kenya.” Journal of Immigration and Refugee Studies 12: 27–46. https://doi.org/10.1080/15562948.2013.810797 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/15562948.2013.810797
Lenhart, A., A. Smith, and M. Anderson. 2015. “Teens, Technology and Romantic Relationships. Washington, DC.” Pew Research Center. https://www.pewresearch.org/internet/2015/10/01/teens-technology-and-romantic-relationships/?gad_source=1&gclid=EAIaIQobChMIheW1lZ7eiwMVNolQBh2tExErEAAYASAAEgKG3_D_BwE
Leonard, L. 2022. “Climate Change Impacts and Challenges of Combating Food Insecurity in Rural Somkhele, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa.” Sustainability 14 (23): 16023. https://doi.org/10.3390/su142316023 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/su142316023
Lysack, M. 2012. “Building Capacity for Environmental Engagement and Leadership: An Ecosocial Work Perspective.” International Journal of Social Welfare 21: 260–269. https://doi. 10.1111/j.1468-2397.2011.00854x DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2397.2011.00854.x
Mariyani, M. 2017. “Strategi pembentukan kewarganegaraan ekologis.” Prosiding Konferensi Nasional Kewarganegaraan III. Universitas Ahmad Dahlan, Yogyakarta 9: 17–22. https://eprints.uad.ac.id/9752/1/10-17%20Mariyani.pdf
Martin, R. and A. Hollows. 2016. “Practising for Social Work Practice: Integrating Knowledge and Skills for Social Work with Children and Families.” Social Work Education. 35(5): 576–88. https://doi.org/10.1080/02615479.2016.1163330 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/02615479.2016.1163330
Masipa, T. S. 2017. “The Impact of Climate Change on Food Security in South Africa: Current Realities and Challenges Ahead.” Jàmbá: Journal of Disaster Risk Studies 9 (1): 1–7. https://doi.org/10.4102/jamba.v9i1.411 DOI: https://doi.org/10.4102/jamba.v9i1.411
Mazhar, S.A. R. Anjum, A. I. Anwar, and A. A. Khan. 2021. “Methods of Data Collection: A Fundamental Tool of Research.” Journal of Integrated Community Health 10 (1): 6–10. https://doi.org/10.24321/2319.9113.202101 DOI: https://doi.org/10.24321/2319.9113.202101
McBean, G. A., P. Kovacs, J. A. Voogt, G. A. Kopp, and S. Guilbault. 2021. “Building Climate Resilient Communities: Living Within the Earth’s Carrying Capacity.” Institute for Catastrophic Loss Reduction
Mdluli, P. and S. Dunga. 2022. “Determinants of Poverty in South Africa Using the 2018 General Household Survey Data.” Journal of Poverty 26 (3): 197–213. https://doi.org/10.1080/10875549.2021.1910100 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/10875549.2021.1910100
Mhlanga, C., T. Muzingili, and M. Mpambela. 2019. “Natural Disasters in Zimbabwe: The Primer for Social Work Intervention.” African Journal of Social Work 9 (1). https://www.ajol.info>index.php>ajsw>article>view
Mishal, A., R. Dubey, O. K. Gupta, and Z. Luo. 2017. “Dynamics of Environmental Consciousness and Green Purchase Behaviour: An Empirical Study.” International Journal of Climate Change Strategies and Management. 9 (5): 682–706. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJCCSM-11-2016-0168 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/IJCCSM-11-2016-0168
Mpambela, M. and V. Mabvurira. 2017. “Effects of Climate Change and their Indelible Impact on Social Work Profession in Zimbabwe.” African Journal of Social Work 7 (2): 30–35. https://www.ajol.info>ajsw>article>view
Mullingan, M. 2015. An Introduction to Sustainability: Environmental, Social and Personal Perspectives. Oxon: Routledge.
Muo, I. and A. Azeez. 2019. “Green Entrepreneurship: Literature Review and Agenda for Future Research.” International Journal of Entrepreneurial Knowledge 7 (2): 17–29. https://doi.org/10.37335/ijek.v7i2.90 DOI: https://doi.org/10.37335/ijek.v7i2.90
Muzingili, T. 2016. “Greening the Profession: A Missing Perspective in Contemporary Social Work Practice in Zimbabwe.” African Journal of Social Work 6 (2), 29–38. https://www.ajol.info/index.php/ajsw/article/view/150290
Naz, F. J. Oláh, D. Vasile, and R. Magda. 2020. “Green Purchase Behavior of University Students in Hungary: An Empirical Study.” Sustainability 12 (23): 10077. https://doi.org/10.3390/su122310077 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/su122310077
Neville, L. 2010. “South Africa talks climate”. London, UK: BBC World Service Trust.
Newell, P., F. Daley, and M. Twena. 2022. Changing Our Ways: Behaviour Change and the Climate Crisis. Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/9781009104401 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/9781009104401
Noyoo, N. 2020. “Climate Change in Southern Africa: Any Role for Social Work?” In Liber Amicorum: Essays in Honour of Professor Edwell Kaseke and Dr Mathias Nyenti, edited by M. P. Olivier, L. G. Mpedi and E. Kalula. Stellenbosch: African Sun Media. https://doi.org/10.18820/9781928480839/06 DOI: https://doi.org/10.18820/9781928480839/06
Nyahunda, L. 2021. “Environmental Social Work Practice”. In Professional Social Work in Zimbabwe, Past Present and the Future, edited by V. Mabvurira, A. Fahrudin and E. Mtetwa, 264–296. Harare: National Association of Social Workers of Zimbabwe.
Ogundeji, A. A. 2022. “Adaptation to Climate Change and Impact on Smallholder Farmers’ Food Security in South Africa.” Agriculture 12 (5): 589. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture12050589 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture12050589
Palma, R. G. 2005. “Social Functioning: The Core of Social Work.” CSWCD Development Journal 1–20. https://cswcd.upd.edu.ph/wp-content/uploads/2022/10CDJ-2005_01_Palma.pdf
Parry, S., S. R. McCarthy, and J. Clark. 2022. “Young People’s Engagement with Climate Change Issues through Digital Media – a Content Analysis.” Child and Adolescent Mental Health 27 (1): 30–38. https://doi.org/10.1111/camh.12532 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/camh.12532
Pawar, M. 2014. “Social Work Practice with Local Communities in Developing Countries: Imperatives for Political Engagement.” SAGE Open, 4 (2): 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1177/2158244014538640 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/2158244014538640
Pickson, R. and E. Boateng. 2022. “Climate Change: A Friend or Foe to Food Security in Africa?” Environment, Development and Sustainability 24: 4387–4412. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10668-021-01621-8 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10668-021-01621-8
Pinto, I., M. Zachariah, P. Wolski, S. Landman, V. Phakula, W. Maluleke, M-J. Bopape, C. Engelbrecht, C. Jack, A. McClure, R. Bonnet, R. Vautard, S. Philip, S. Kew, D. Heinrich, M. Vahlberg, R. Singh, J. Arrighi, L. Thalheimer, M. van Aalst, S. Li, J. Sun, G. Vecchi, W. Yang, J. Tradowski, F. Otto, and R. Dipura. 2022. “Climate Change Exacerbated Rainfall Causing Devastating Flooding in Eastern South Africa.” World Weather Attribution 1–39. https://www.worldweatherattribution.org/wp-content/uploads/WWA-KZN-floods-scientifc-report.pdf
Ramsay, S. and J. Boddy. 2017. “Environmental social work: a concept analysis.” British Journal of Social Work 47: 68–86. https://doi:10.1093/bjsw/bcw078 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/bjsw/bcw078
Schibli, K. (2020). CASW: Climate Change and Social Work 2020 Position Statement Canadian Association of Social Workers. In Canadian Association of Social Workers. Position Statement. https://www.casw-acts.ca/files/documents/SW_and_Climate_Change_Final_PDF.pdf
Scholes, R. and F. Engelbrecht. 2021. “Climate Impacts in Southern Africa during the 21st Century.” Report for Earthjustice and the Centre for Environmental Rights. Global Change Instiute, University of Witwatersrand.
Scott, D. N. 2014. “What is Environmental Justice?” In The SAGE Encyclopaedia of Action Research. Forthcoming edited by M. Brydon-Miller and D. Coghlan. Osgoode Legal Studies Research Paper No. 72 10(16).
Shokane, A. L. and H. Nel. 2017. “Community Intervention Guidelines for Communities Affected by Natural Disasters.” In Social Work Promoting Community and Environmental Sustainability: A Workbook for Global Social Workers and Educators edited by M. Rinkel. and M. C. E. Powers. Berne: International Federation of Social Workers.
Singh, F. P. 2016. “Sustainable Livelihoods: Concepts and Principles.” International Journal of Science Technology and Management 5(12): 670–676. https://www.ijstm.com/images/short_pdf/1491515552_P670-676.pdf
Smith, L. 2022. “Strengths and Limits of Behaviour Change to Foster the Green Transition.” Field Actions Science Reports. The Journal of Field Actions 24: 92–97. https://journals.openedition.org/factsreports/7003
Statistics South Africa (StatsSA). 2020. “Measuring Food Security in South Africa: Applying the Food Insecurity Experience Scale.” Pretoria: Statistics South Africa.
Taherdoost, H. 2021. “Data Collection Methods and Tools for Research: A Step-by-Step Guide to Choose Data Collection Technique for Academic and Business Research Projects.” International Journal of Academic Research in Management 10 (1):10-38. https://hal.science/hal-03741847v1
Van der Bank, M. and Karsten, J. 2020. “Climate Change and South Africa: A Critical Analysis of the Earthlife Africa Johannesburg and Another v Minister of Energy and Others 65662/16 (2017) Case and the Drive for Concrete Climate Practices.” Air, Soil and Water Research 13: 117862211988537. https://doi.org/10.1177/1178622119885372 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1178622119885372
Van der Westhuizen, M. A. 2021. “A Holistic Interdisciplinary Approach towards Environmental Justice and Youth Empowerment.” HTS Teologiese Studies/Theological Studies, 77 (2). https://doi.org/10.4102/hts.v77i2.6640 DOI: https://doi.org/10.4102/hts.v77i2.6640
Wang, J. and L. Geng. 2019. “Effects of Socioeconomic Status on Physical and Psychological Health: Lifestyle as a Mediator.” International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16 (2): 281. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16020281 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16020281
Woods, H. and H. Scott. 2016. “Sleepyteens: Social Media Use in Adolescence Is Associated with Poor Sleep Quality, Anxiety, Depression and Low Self-Esteem.” Journal of Adolescence 51 (1): 41–49. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adolescence.2016.05.008 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adolescence.2016.05.008
World Bank. 2014. “Food Price Watch, May 2014.” World Bank Poverty Reduction and Equity Department, Washington, DC.
Wright, C. Y., T. Kapwata, D. J. du Preez, B. Wernecke, R. M. Garland, V. Nkosi, W. A. Landman, L. Dyson, and M. Norval. 2021. “Major Climate Change-Induced Risks to Human Health in South Africa.” Environmental Research 196 (May): 110973. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2021.110973 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2021.110973
Xu, Y., V. Ramanathan, and D. G. Victor. 2018. “Global Warming Will Happen Faster than We Think.” Nature 564 (7734): 30–32. https://doi.org/10.1038/d41586-018-07586-5 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/d41586-018-07586-5
YouGov Plc. 2020. “Over Two-Thirds of Young People Experience Eco-Anxiety as Friends of the Earth Launch Campaign to Turn Anxiety into Action.” Friends of the Earth. https://friendsoftheearth.uk/climate/over-twothirds-young-people-experience-ecoanxiety-friends-earth-launch-campaign-turn