The Production and Consumption of Cultural Villages in South Africa: A Decolonial Epistemic Perspective

Authors

  • Morgan Ndlovu University of South Africa

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.25159/0304-615X/2301

Keywords:

cultural villages, representation, tourism, neo-colonialism, postcolonial, de-colonial, capitalism, discourse, power

Abstract

While many of the peoples who exist in the 'spatio-temporal' construct known as the postcolonial world today are convinced that they have succeeded - through anticolonial and anti-imperial struggles - to defeat colonial domination, the majority of the people of the same part of the world have not yet reaped the freedoms which they aimed to achieve. The question that emerges out of the failure to realise the objectives of anti-colonial and anti-imperial struggles by the people of the Third World after a number of years of absence of juridical-administrative colonial and apartheid systems is to what extent did the people who sought to dethrone colonial domination understand the complexity of the colonial system? And to what end did the ability and/or inability to master the complexity of the colonial system affect the process of decolonization? Through the case study of the production and consumption of cultural villages in South Africa, this article deploys a de-colonial epistemic perspective to reveal, within the context of tourism studies, the complexity of the colonial system and why a truly decolonized postcolonial world has so far eluded the people of the developing world.

References

Banchetti-Robino, M.P. and Headley, C.R. (eds.). 2006. Shifting the Geography of Reason: Gender, Science

and Religion. Cambridge: Cambridge Scholars Press.

Britton, S. 1989. ‘Tourism, Dependency and Development’. Tn T. Theuns and F.M.G. (eds.), Towards

Appropriate Tourism: The case of Developing Countries. New York: Peter Lang.

Britton, S. 1982. The Political Economy of Tourism in the Third World. Annals of Tourism Research 9: DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0160-7383(82)90018-4

–358.

Cameron, C.M. 1997. ‘Dilemmas of the Crossover Experience: Tourism Work in Bethlehem, Pennsylvania’.

In E. Chambers (ed.), Tourism and Culture: An Applied Perspective. Albany: State University of New

York Press.

Coombes, A.E. 1994. Reinventing Africa: Museums, Material Culture and Popular Imagination In the Late

Victorian and Edwardian England. Yale: Yale University Press.

Crang, M. 1999. ‘Nation, Region and Homeland: History and Tradition in Dalamarna, Sweden’. Cultural DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/096746089900600404

Geographies 6(4): 447–470.

Dascal, M. 2009. Colonizing and Decolonizing Minds. In I. Kucurandi (ed.), Papers of 2007 World

Philosophy Day. Ankara: Philosophical Society of Turkey.

De la Harpe, R., De la Harpe, P.M., Leitch B. and Derwe, S. 1999. Zulu. Cape Town: Struik.

De Sousa Santos, B. 2007. ‘Beyond Abyssal Thinking’. Eurozine.

Edensor, T. 2001. ‘Performing Tourism, Staging Tourism: (Re)Producing Tourist Space and Practice’. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/146879760100100104

Tourist Studies 1(10): 59–81.

Errington, S. 1998. The Death of Authentic Primitive Art and Other Tales of Progress. Berkeley: University DOI: https://doi.org/10.1525/9780520920347

of California Press.

Ferguson, J. (1990). The Anti-Politics Machine: “Developmentâ€, depoliticization and Bureaucratic Power

in Lesotho. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Foucault, M. 1976. ‘The Eye of Power’. In C. Gordon (ed.), Power/ Knowledge: Selected Interviews and

Other Writings. Brighton: Harvester.

Foucault, M. 1980. Power/Knowledge. Brighton: Harvester.

Francisco, R. 1983. ‘The Political Impact of Tourism Dependence in Latin America’. Annals of Tourism DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0160-7383(83)90062-2

Research 10: 363–376.

Galaty, J.G 2002. ‘How Visual Figures Speak: Narrative Inventions of “The Pastoralist†in East Africa’. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/08949460213910

Visual Anthropology 15(3 and 4): 347–368.

Gordon, L.R. 2011. Shifting the Geography in an Age of Disciplinary Decadence. Transmodernity: Journal DOI: https://doi.org/10.5070/T412011810

of Peripheral Cultural Production of the Luso-Hispanic World 1(2): 95–103.

Gordon, R.J. 2002. Captured on Film: Bushmen and the Claptrap of Performative Primitives, In P.S. Landau DOI: https://doi.org/10.1525/california/9780520229488.003.0009

and D.S. Kaspin, Images and Empires: Visuality in Colonial and Postcolonial Africa. California:

California University Press.

Grosfoguel, R. 2007. The Epistemic De-colonial Turn. Cultural Studies 21 (2–3): 211–223. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/09502380601162514

Harding, S. 1991. Whose Science? Whose Knowledge? Ithaca: Cornell University Press.

Hitchcock, M. 1998. ‘Tourism, “Taman Mini†and National Identity’. Indonesia and the Malay World DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/13639819808729916

(75): 124–135.

Hollinshead, K. 1999a. ‘Surveillance of the Worlds of tourism: Foucault and the Eye-of-Power’. Tourism DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0261-5177(98)00090-9

Management 20: 7–23. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3109/00313029109060101

Jeal, T. 1973. Livingstone. London: Heinemann.

Kasfir, S.L. 2002. ‘Slum-Dunking and the Last Noble Savage’. Visual Anthropology 15: 396– 85. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/08949460213913

Kratz, C.A & Gordon, R.J. 2002. ‘Persistent Images of Pastoralists’. Visual Anthropology 15: 247–265. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/08949460213914

Landau, P.S. & Kaspin. D.S. (eds.). 2002. Images and Empires: Visuality in Colonial and Postcolonial DOI: https://doi.org/10.1525/california/9780520229488.001.0001

Africa. California: California University Press.

Lindfors, B. (ed.). 1999. Africans on Stage: Studies in Ethnological Show Business. Bloomington: Indiana

University Press.

Maldonado-Torres, N. 2007. ‘On the Coloniality of Being: Contributions to the Development of a Concept’.

Cultural Studies 21(2–3): 240–270.

Marschall, S. 2003. ‘Mind the Difference: A Comparative Analysis of Zulu Cultural Villages in KwaZulu-

Natal’. Southern African Humanities 15: 109–27.

Mhiripiri, N.A. 2008. The Tourist Viewer, the Bushmen and the Zulu: Imagining and (Re)Invention of

Identities Through Contemporary Visual Cultural Production. Unpublished PhD thesis.

Mignolo, W.D. 2009. Epistemic Disobedience, Independent Thought and De-colonial Freedom. Theory, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0263276409349275

Culture & Society 26(7–8): 159–181.

Milne, S. 1998. Tourism and Sustainable Development: Exploring the Global-Local Nexus. In C. Hall and

A. Lew (eds.), Sustainable Tourism: A Geographical Perspective. New York: Longman.

Mohany, S. 1993. ‘The Epistemic Status of Cultural Identity: On “Beloved†and the Postcolonial Condition’. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/1354129

Cultural Critique 24: 41–80.

Mowforth, M. and Munt, I. 1998. Tourism and Sustainability: New Tourism in the Third World. London: DOI: https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203437292

Routledge.

Ndlovu-Gatsheni, S.J. 2007. ‘Rethinking the Colonial Encounter in Zimbabwe in the Early Twentieth DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/03057070601136699

Century’. Journal of Southern African Studies 33(1): 173–191.

Sahlins, M. 1985. Islands of History. London: The University of Chicago Press.

Oakes, T. (1995). Tourism in Guizoh: Place and the Paradox of Modernity. Unpublished PhD dissertation,

University of Washington.

Pieterse, J.N. (1992). White on Black: Images of Africa and Blacks in Western Popular Culture. New

Haven and London: Yale University Press.

Place, S. 1995. ‘Ecotourism for Sustainable Development: Oxymoron or Plausible Strategy?’. Geojournal DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00814062

: 161–174.

Quijano, A. 2000. Coloniality of Power, Ethnocentrism, and Latin America. NEPANTLA 1. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0268580900015002005

Shaw, G. and Williams, A. 1998. ‘Entrepreneurship, Small Business Culture and Tourism Development’. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203398425.ch13

In D. Ioannides and K. Debbage (eds.), The Economic Geography of The Tourist Industry. A Supplyside

Analysis. London: Routledge.

Tomaselli, K.G. (ed.). 2007a. Writing in the San/d: Autoethnography Amongst Indigenous Southern

Africans. New York: Altamira Press.

Tomaselli, K.G. & Wang, C. 2001. ‘Selling Myths, Not Culture: Authenticity and Cultural Tourism’.

Tourism Forum Southern Africa 1(1): 23–33.

Jansen Van Veuren, E. 2003. ‘Capitalising on Indigenous Cultures: Cultural Village Tourism in South DOI: https://doi.org/10.4314/ai.v33i1.22314

Africa’. Africa Insight 33(1-2).

Xie, P. 2011. Authenticating Ethnic Tourism. Bristol: Channel View Publications. DOI: https://doi.org/10.21832/9781845411596

Zeleza, P.T. 2006a. ‘The Inventions of African Identities and Languages: The Discursive and Developmental

Implications’. In O.F. Arasanyin and M.A. Pemberton (eds.). Selected Proceedings of the 36th Annual

Conference on African Linguistics: Shifting The Centre of Africanism in Languages and Economic

Globalisation. Somerville, MA: Cascadilla Proceedings Project.

Downloads

Published

2017-03-10

How to Cite

Ndlovu, Morgan. 2013. “The Production and Consumption of Cultural Villages in South Africa: A Decolonial Epistemic Perspective”. Africanus: Journal of Development Studies 43 (2):51-63. https://doi.org/10.25159/0304-615X/2301.

Issue

Section

Articles