Nostalgic Dystopia: Johannesburg as Landscape after White Writing

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Abstract

In 1988 J.M. Coetzee published White Writing: On the Culture of Letters in South Africa, formulating landscape as inherently entangled with problematic notions of white identity and belonging. Coetzee posits that white descendants of the Dutch and English colonists failed to find an appropriate “language” to represent the country’s landscape because they failed to establish an African identity. This crisis seems topical again with debates around land expropriation in the media, as well as FeesMustFall considering questions of race and belonging. How is this reflected in contemporary landscape representation? By investigating the depiction of Johannesburg in the film District 9 (Blomkamp 2009), I aim to consider how landscape is seen as a contradictory nostalgic dystopia, reflecting the complexity of whiteness in relation to place in South Africa. The land itself bears the dystopian scars of the colonial mining industry, the geographic segregation of the apartheid regime, and the decay following the aftermath of so called “white flight” in the inner city. At the same time, it is nostalgically depicted as the urban landscape of the 1980s, which for white people offered an illusory utopian lifestyle. Johannesburg in District 9 is thus a projection of white anxiety around land, hearkening back to Coetzee’s notion of disconnection between white South Africans and the landscapes of the country, and which seems to inspire an ironic nostalgia for a fictional past.

 

Opsomming

In 1988 het J.M. Coetzee die landskap beskryf as problematies in terme van die verhouding tussen witwees en die idee van behoort of ’n gevoel van aanvaarding. Vir Coetzee kon die nasate van Nederlandse en Engelse setlaars nie ’n geskikte “taal” ontwikkel om die landskap uit te beeld nie, omdat hulle ook nie ’n suksesvolle Afrika identiteit kon bewerkstellig nie. Hierdie soeke na ’n geskikte taal en identiteit staan nou weer voorop in die lig van resente debatte in die media rondom grondonteiening en FeesMustFall, wat albei vrae stel rondom ras en die landskap. Hoe figureer hierdie vrae in hedendaagse voorstellings van landskap? Deur ’n ontleding van die uitbeelding van Johannesburg  in die film District 9 (Blomkamp 2009) poog ek om in hierdie artikel verder in te gaan op die wyses waarop landskap voorgestel word as teenstellende nostalgiese distopie, wat die kompleksiteit van witwees in verhouding met plek in Suid Afrika weerspieël. Die grond self dra die letsels van die koloniale mynbedryf, die geografiese segregasie van die apartheidregime, en die verval van die middestad as gevolg van die sogenaamde “white flight” na 1994. Terselfdertyd word die landskap ook nostalgies voorgestel as die stedelike landskap van die tagtigerjare, wat aan witmense ’n valse utopiese leefstyl voorgehou het. Daar word dus aangevoer dat die uitbeelding van Johannesburg in District 9 ’n projeksie van wit angs in verhouding tot grond daar stel, wat Coetzee se beskrywing van ’n skeiding tussen wit Suid Afrikaners en die landskap herroep, en wat om die beurt weer ’n ironiese nostalgie na ’n fiktiewe verlede skep.

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Published

2020-12-01

How to Cite

Raubenheimer, Landi. 2020. “Nostalgic Dystopia: Johannesburg As Landscape After White Writing”. Journal of Literary Studies 36 (4):123-43. https://unisapressjournals.co.za/index.php/jls/article/view/11329.