Saying and the Interruption of the Said: Ethical Considerations in and on J.M. Coetzee’s The Lives of Animals*

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Abstract

Using J.M. Coetzee’s The Lives of Animals (Coetzee 1999) as a basis, our article compares the straightforward ethical reading of literature as an unproblematic means for creating reader sympathy (as exemplified by the work of Martha Nussbaum), with an approach based on Emmanuel Levinas’s sense of otherness. For Levinas, reading involves an awareness of otherness that does not control or circumscribe the other, but that encourages a continual unfolding of its possibilities. In this connection, he distinguishes between the “said”, that which is complete, written down once and for all, and the “saying”, that which can “interrupt” our readerly assumptions by revealing the presence of otherness. The sense of otherness, because so fundamental to our interaction with the world, needs to be respected, our ethical obligation or responsibility towards it acknowledged. We believe The Lives of Animals fosters such a sense of obligation. It both thematises moral concerns and helps enact moral understanding, unlike a straightforward sympathetic approach, which depends on exclusionary opposition at the expense of a more knowing engagement with otherness.

  

Opsomming

Met The Lives of Animals (1999) van J.M. Coetzee as basis, vergelyk ons artikel ’n ongekompliseerde etiese lees van letterkunde as ’n onproblematiese werkswyse om simpatie by die leser op te wek (soos beliggaam in die werk van Martha Nussbaum) met ’n benadering gebaseer op Emmanuel Levinas se siening van die begrip “ander”. Vir Levinas behels lees ’n bewussyn van anderwees wat die ander nie beheer of begrens nie, maar waarin ’n voortdurende ontvouing van die moontlikhede daarvan aangemoedig word. In hierdie verband maak hy ’n onderskeid tussen dit wat volledig is, wat vir eens en altyd neergeskryf is (“the said”), en dit wat ons aannames as lesers kan versteur (“interrupt”) deur ’n onthulling van die teenwoordigheid van die ander (“the saying”). ’n Bewussyn van anderwees moet gerespekteer word en ons etiese verpligting of verantwoordelikheid daarteenoor moet erken word aangesien dit so fundamenteel is in ons interaksie met die wêreld. Ons glo dat The Lives of Animals so ’n gevoel van verpligting aanmoedig. Morele oorwegings dien as tema vir hierdie werk en dit bevorder ook morele begrip, anders as in ’n eenvoudige simpatieke benadering wat staatmaak op uitsluitende opposisie wat groter kennis  van en verbintenis met die ander teenwerk.

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Author Biographies

Liselotte Vandenbussche, North-West University

Liselotte Vandenbussche is a lecturer at Artevelde University College (Ghent, Belgium, 1978), in the Bachelor in Pre-School Education. She studied English and Dutch literature and linguistics at Ghent University, and Literary Theory at Leuven University. She obtained a Ph.D. in 2006 at the Centre for Gender Studies of Ghent University with a dissertation which was awarded the Jozef Vercoullie Prize 1998-2006 and the Provincial Prize for History 2008. In 2012-2013 she worked as a postdoctoral fellow at the North-West University in Potchefstroom. She published widely and is currently an editor of DiGeSt. Journal of Diversity and Gender Studies.

Nicholas Meihuizen, North-West University

Professor Nicholas Meihuizen teaches English at North-West University, Potchefstroom campus, in South Africa, where he is also an executive editor of the journal, Literator. He has published some 100 articles and reviews on South African poetry, Yeats, Heaney, Camões, and the Romantics. His book on Yeats, Yeats and the Drama of Sacred Space, appeared in 1998, and his Ordering Empire: The Poetry of Camões, Pringle, and Campbell appeared in 2007. His third book, Achieving Autobiographical Form: A Twentieth Century Perspective, was published in 2016. He contributed an essay on Sub-Saharan Modernism to the book The Modernist World, edited by Stephen Ross and Alana Lindgren (Routledge, 2015). As editorial advisor for the online Routledge Encyclopedia of Modernism (2016), he coordinated the South African entries and also provided some contributions. He is currently engaged in a book on Yeats, alterity and Orientalism. Supervisory work includes Masters and Doctoral dissertations/ theses on Yeats, Steinbeck, Mary Oliver, online poetry, digital gaming and literature, Coleridge, Keats, Zimbabwean novels, and Peter Carey.

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Published

2017-09-01

How to Cite

Vandenbussche, Liselotte, and Nicholas Meihuizen. 2017. “Saying and the Interruption of the Said: Ethical Considerations in and on J.M. Coetzee’s The Lives of Animals*”. Journal of Literary Studies 33 (3):97-115. https://unisapressjournals.co.za/index.php/jls/article/view/11840.

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