Shamanism: Literacies for Alternative Totalities in Zakes Mda’s Fiction

Authors

Abstract

This article considers the theme of shamanism in those novels of Zakes Mda that trace it to the people named respectively ‘abaThwa’, ‘Khoikhoi’, ‘Barwa’, ‘San’ and ‘IXam’, as opposed to amaXhosa and Basotho who comprise this fiction’s dominant orders. The proposition is that shamanism is a discourse in which it is believed that, having entered into a trance, the performer articulates alterities and effects healing in his/her people. Notable in this examination is the fiction’s representations of the trance in terms of audience formation and how they, in turn – and well after the executor’s descent into a trance – actualise it as mediations of plights. 

   The article proposes that understanding shamanism through Mda’s fiction calls for a foregrounding of the complex histories of cultural exchange between these indigenous people and the Bantu, and also offers an opportunity to define Africa without first having to peel off the European colonial moment. The suggestion is that, taking the subject of shamanism as the focal point, more than one scholarship on this theme needs to be deployed in order to outline the significant inflections of the emergent culture, its technologies of cognition and microphysics of power. The first section, which theorises shamanism, emphasises that Mda moulds the essence of the trance in a compass that chimes in with scientific cosmological and neuro-psychological discourses. The final part of the discussion applies this delineation to a reading of select texts of Mda.

 

Opsomming

Hierdie artikel ondersoek sjamanisme in die romans van Zakes Mda wat die tema verbind met die ‘Thwa’-, ‘Khoikhoi’-, ‘Barwa’-, ‘San’- en ‘IXam’-stamme, in teenstelling met die Xhosa en Basotho, wat in hierdie soort fiksie die dominante orde verteenwoordig. Die outeur gaan van die veronderstelling uit dat sjamanisme as diskoers aanvaar dat sodra ’n sjamaan in ’n staat van beswyming gaan, hy/sy alteriteite verwoord en genesing teweegbring onder sy/haar mense. Kentekenend van hierdie studie is die wyse waarop sodanige fiksie die staat van beswyming omskryf volgens die uitwerking wat dit op omstanders het, en hoe hulle dit gevolglik – selfs lank nadat die sjamaan in ’n beswyming verval het – aktualiseer as bemiddeling of voorspraak in tye van nood.

   Ten einde sjamanisme deur middel van Mda se fiksie te beskou, moet die komplekse geskiedenisse van kulturele wisselwerking tussen bogenoemde inheemse bevolkingsgroepe en die Bantoe op die voorgrond geplaas word, wat dan ook ’n geleentheid bied om Afrika te definieer sonder om eers die Europese koloniale moment bloot te lê. Die outeur stel voor dat, met sjamanisme as die fokuspunt, meer as een vakkundige benadering tot hierdie tema gebruik word – ten einde betekenisvolle vormveranderinge te omskryf wat verband hou met die opkomende kultuur, sy kognisietegnologieë en die mikrofisika van mag. Die eerste gedeelte van die artikel beskou sjamanisme uit ’n teoretiese oogpunt en  lê klem daarop dat Mda die aard en wese van beswyming uitbeeld deur die leser te verwys na wetenskaplik-kosmologiese sowel as neuropsigologiese diskoerse. In die slotgedeelte van die bespreking word hierdie uitbeelding toegepas in ‘n vertolking van enkele tekste van Mda.

Metrics

Metrics Loading ...

Author Biography

Sope Maithufi, University of South Africa

Sope Maithufi is an Associate Professor in the Department of English Studies, University of South Africa, Pretoria. He has published articles on the resonances of the "ordinary" in the South African short story and on post-exile South African black fiction. He currently researches the representations of black African healing rituals in different artistic media.

Downloads

Published

2016-12-01

How to Cite

Maithufi, Sope. 2016. “Shamanism: Literacies for Alternative Totalities in Zakes Mda’s Fiction”. Journal of Literary Studies 32 (4):125-41. https://unisapressjournals.co.za/index.php/jls/article/view/11894.

Issue

Section

Articles