The Hearerly text: Sea shells on the sea shore
Abstract
This essay is an intertextual approach to J.M. Coetzee's Foe through five French texts in the wake of Daniel Defoe's Robinson Crusoe. A discussion of the departures from Defoe's text in the dating and location of the island adventure as a topos establishes that the French narrative texts eliminate polemic relations. These texts however fail to extricate themselves from the hypotext through the figure of Robinson Crusoe who remains a fiction of the self developing as a subject within the topos of the desert isle.
Emancipation from and subversion of the hypotext is rather achieved through the figure of Friday who emerges as an equal or a desirable alternative to be copied, but remains an object in a white man's discourse. An analysis of the treatment of the black man's language by Defoe and J.M. Coetzee establishes that, in the fiction of Robinson Crusoe, Friday can only be a parrot or a mute. The third (female) figure of Susan Barton in Foe allows the South African writer to introduce a "middle voice" partly enslaved to the written word, partly struggling through different communicative modes to be heard.
It is suggested that Foe should be read as the voice of a self transgressing the written models and the confining structures of natural languages through slips of the tongue and the phonic materiality of language. Detongued Friday then is in the position the reader is (made) to take, that is, to hear Susan's "otobiographie".
Opsomming
Hierdie artikel is 'n intertekstuele benadering tot J.M. Coetzee se Foe aan die hand van vyf tekste wat in die voetspore van Daniel Defoe se Robinson Crusoe volg. 'n Bespreking van die afwyking van Defoe se teks ten opsigte van die datering en lokalisering van die eiland as 'n topos, belig die feit dat die Franse narratiewe tekste polemiese verhoudings uitskakel. Hierdie tekste slaag egter nie daarin om hulself, deur middel van die vergestalting van Robinson Crusoe, wat 'n fiksie van die self bly en ontwikkel as 'n subjek binne die topos van die eiland, van die hipoteks los te maak nie.
Emansipasie en subversie van die hipoteks word eerder bewerkstellig deur die gestalte van Friday, wat na vore tree as 'n gelyke of 'n gewenste alternatief om na te boots, maar wat steeds 'n objek in 'n wit man se diskoers bly. 'n Analise van die hantering van die swart man se taal deur Defoe en J.M. Coetzee toon aan dat Friday net 'n papegaai of stom kan wees in die verhaal van Robinson Crusoe. Die derde (vroulike) figuur van Susan Barton in Foe, stel die Suid-Afrikaanse skrywer in staat om 'n "middelstem" bekend te stel, wat gedeeltelik slaaf is van die geskrewe woord, en gedeeltelik worstel om deur • die verskillende kommunikasiewyses hoorbaar te word.
Daar word voorgestel dat Foe gelees word as die stem van 'n self wat die geskrewe modelle oortree en wat daarin slaag om die beperkende strukture van natuurlike tale te oorbrug deur glipse van die tong en die fonetiese materialiteit van taal. Friday, wat sender tong is, is dan in die posisie wat die leser gedwing word om in te neem, om Susan se "otobiographie" aan te hoor.
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Copyright (c) 1989 JLS/TLW

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