The Rise of the Neoliberal University in South Africa: Some Implications for Curriculum Imagination(s)

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.25159/1947-9417/11421

Keywords:

Ubuntu currere, neoliberal university, decolonisation, higher education, curricula

Abstract

The public university in the global South continues to be trapped in an existential slumber, struggling to self-define/self-diagnose its purposes, rationales, goals and agenda(s). Despite the emergence of the #FeesMustfall, #RhodesMustFall, and more recently the #Asinamali student protests, South African higher education continues to adopt neoliberal and colonial conceptions of institutional reforms, seen through the emergence and enactment of performance management instruments, demographic understandings of transformation, incoherent/illogical policy prescriptions, and the use of technology as pedagogic replacement. In this article, I attempt to do two things. Firstly, I critique the South African higher education policy and legislative framework as largely inadequate and neoliberal in nature and designed to reinforce market-orientated logics and discourses. Secondly, and in thinking beyond the neoliberal university, I propose what an inclusive curriculum could look like through a decolonial lens. I end the article with some parting thoughts on the future of the neoliberal university in South Africa, and the potential implications for what I see as the emergence of decolonial and transformative curricula.

Metrics

Metrics Loading ...

References

Abrahamsen, R. 2000. Disciplining Democracy: Development Discourse and Good Governance in Africa. London: ZED Books.

Acosta, K. L. 2018. “Queering Family Scholarship: Theorizing from the Borderlands”. In “Revisioning Family Theories: Centering Race and Ethnicity”, edited by C. Buehler and A. L. Few-Demo, special issue, Journal of Family Theory and Review 10 (2): 406–18. https://doi.org/10.1111/jftr.12263. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/jftr.12263

Allais, S. 2014. Selling Out Education: National Qualifications Frameworks and the Neglect of Knowledge. Rotterdam: Sense Publishers. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-6209-578-6. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-6209-578-6

Anzaldúa, G. 1987. Borderlands/La Frontera: The New Mestiza. San Francisco, CA: Spinsters/Aunt Lute.

Baines, G. 1998. “The Rainbow Nation? Identity and Nation Building in Post-Apartheid South”. Mots Pluriels, no. 7, 1–12.

Bawa, A. 2019. “Consilience between the Sciences and the Humanities: Small Steps towards a Humanistic Education”. In Higher Education in the World 7: Humanities and Higher Education: Synergies between Science, Technology and Humanities, edited by D. Bueno, J. Casanovas, M. Garcés and J. M. Vilalta, 86–92. Barcelona: Global University Network for Innovation. Accessed November 11, 2022. https://www.iau-hesd.net/sites/default/files/documents/guni_report1219_humanitieshighered.pdf.

Berlinski, C. 2011. There Is No Alternative: Why Margaret Thatcher Matters. New York, NY: Basic Books.

Bernstein, B. 2000. Pedagogy, Symbolic Control, and Identity: Theory, Research, Critique. New York, NY: Rowman and Littlefield.

Biesta, G. 2009. “Good Education in an Age of Measurement: On the Need to Reconnect with the Question of Purpose in Education”. Educational Assessment, Evaluation and Accountability (formerly: Journal of Personnel Evaluation in Education) 21 (1): 33–46. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11092-008-9064-9. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11092-008-9064-9

Booysen, S., ed. 2016. Fees Must Fall: Student Revolt, Decolonisation and Governance in South Africa. Johannesburg: Wits University Press. DOI: https://doi.org/10.18772/22016109858

Boughey, C., and S. Mckenna. 2021. Understanding Higher Education: Alternative Perspectives. Stellenbosch: African Minds. https://doi.org/10.47622/9781928502210. DOI: https://doi.org/10.47622/9781928502210

Bourdieu, P. 1984. Distinction: A Social Critique of the Judgement of Taste. Translated by R. Nice. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.

Boulton, G., and C. Lucas. 2011. “What Are Universities For?” Chinese Science Bulletin 56 (1): 2506−517. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11434-011-4608-7. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11434-011-4608-7

Brown, W. 2019. In the Ruins of Neoliberalism: The Rise of Antidemocratic Politics in the West. New York, NY: Columbia University Press. https://doi.org/10.7312/brow19384. DOI: https://doi.org/10.7312/brow19384

Chikane, R. 2018a. “Breaking a Rainbow, Building a Nation: The Politics behind #MustFall Movements”. Daily Maverick, October 17, 2018. Accessed November 10, 2022. https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2018-10-17-breaking-a-rainbow-building-a-nation-the-politics-behind-mustfall-movements/.

Chikane, R. 2018b. “Young People and the #Hashtags that Broke the Rainbow Nation”. In Young People Re-Generating Politics in Times of Crises, edited by S. Pickard and J. Bessant, 19–39. Cham: Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-58250-4_2. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-58250-4_2

Cini, L. 2019. “Disrupting the Neoliberal University in South Africa: The #FeesMustFall Movement in 2015”. Current Sociology 67 (7): 942–59. https://doi.org/10.1177/0011392119865766. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0011392119865766

Cleaveland, T. 2008. “Timbuktu and Walata: Lineages and Higher Education”. In The Meanings of Timbuktu, edited by S. Jeppie and S. B. Diagne, 77–91. Cape Town: HSRC Press.

Cole, A. 2004. “What Hegel’s Master/Slave Dialectic Really Means”. Journal of Medieval and Early Modern Studies 34 (3): 577–610. https://doi.org/10.1215/10829636-34-3-577. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1215/10829636-34-3-577

Crook, C., and H. Gross, and R. Dymott. 2006. “Assessment Relationships in Higher Education: The Tension of Process and Practice”. British Educational Research Journal 32 (1): 95–114. https://doi.org/10.1080/01411920500402037. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/01411920500402037

Darder, A. 2012. “Neoliberalism in the Academic Borderlands: An On-Going Struggle for Equality and Human Rights”. Educational Studies: A Journal of the American Educational Studies Association 48 (5): 412–26. https://doi.org/10.1080/00131946.2012.714334. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/00131946.2012.714334

De Sousa Santos, B. 2007. “Beyond Abyssal Thinking: From Global Lines to Ecologies of Knowledges”. Binghamton University Review 30 (1): 45–89.

DoE (Department of Education). 1997. Education White Paper 3: A Programme for the Transformation of Higher Education. Pretoria: Department of Education.

Du Bois, W. E. B. 2008. The Souls of Black Folk. New York, NY: Oxford University Press.

Ensor, P. 2004. “Contesting Discourses in Higher Education Curriculum Restructuring in South Africa”. Higher Education 48: 339–59. https://doi.org/10.1023/B:HIGH.0000035544.96309.f1. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/B:HIGH.0000035544.96309.f1

Ensor, P. 2014. “Neoliberalism, Education and ‘the Neglect of Knowledge’”. Journal of Education 59: 115–25. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-6209-578-6_1. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-6209-578-6_1

Fitzsimons, M. 2004. “Managerialism and the University”. New Zealand Journal of Tertiary Education Policy 1: 1–3.

Freire, P. 2018. Pedagogy of the Oppressed. New York, NY: Bloomsbury Academic. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780429269400-8. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4324/9780429269400-8

French, P. 2001. The Impact of New Public Management and External Quality Assurance Systems on Education: A Foucauldian Analysis. Lower Hutt: Open Polytechnic of New Zealand.

Fukuyama, F. 2022. Liberalism and its Discontents. New York, NY: Farrar, Straus and Giroux.

Gibson, N. C. 2015. “Thinking outside the Ivory Tower: Towards a Radical Humanities in South Africa”. In Being at Home: Race, Institutional Culture and Transformation at South African Higher Education Institutions, edited by P. Tabensky and S. Matthews, 184–202. Pietermaritzburg: University of KwaZulu-Natal Press.

Goodley, D., and K. Runswick-Cole. 2022. “Imperilled Humanities: Locked Down, Locked in and Lockdown Politics during the Pandemic”. In Being Human during COVID-19, edited by P. Martin, S. De Saille, K. Liddiard and W. Pearce, 53–59. Bristol: Bristol University Press. https://doi.org/10.46692/9781529223149.009. DOI: https://doi.org/10.46692/9781529223149.009

Greenspan, B. 2019. “The Scandal of Digital Humanities”. In Debates in the Digital Humanities 2019, edited by M. K. Gold and L. F. Klein. Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota Press. Accessed November 5, 2020. https://dhdebates.gc.cuny.edu/read/untitled-f2acf72c-a469-49d8-be35-67f9ac1e3a60/section/a46f08dc-1809-41e6-bb64-9134f4011e48#cip.

Heleta, S. 2016. “Decolonisation of Higher Education: Dismantling Epistemic Violence and Eurocentrism in South Africa”. Transformation in Higher Education 1 (1): 1–8. https://doi.org/10.4102/the.v1i1.9. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4102/the.v1i1.9

Hlatshwayo, M. N. 2021. “The Ruptures in Our Rainbow: Reflections on Teaching and Learning Practices in the Time of #RhodesMustFall”. CRiSTaL: Critical Studies in Teaching and Learning 9 (2): 1–18. https://doi.org/10.14426/cristal.v9i2.492. DOI: https://doi.org/10.14426/cristal.v9i2.492

Huntington, S. P. 1991. “Democracy’s Third Wave”. Journal of Democracy 2 (2): 12–34.

https://doi.org/10.1353/jod.1991.0016. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1353/jod.1991.0016

Kelsey, J. 1998. “Privatizing the Universities”. Journal of Law and Society 25 (1): 51–70. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-6478.00079. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-6478.00079

Khunou, G., E. D. Phaswana, K. Khoza-Shangase, and H. Canham, eds. 2019. Black Academic Voices: The South African Experience. Cape Town: HSRC Press.

Khoza-Shangase, K. 2019. “Intellectual and Emotional Toxicity: Where a Cure Does Not Appear to be Imminent”. In Black Academic Voices: The South African Experience, edited by G. P. Khunou, E. D. Phaswana, K. Khoza-Shangase, and H. Canham, 42–64. Cape Town: HSRC Press.

Kumalo, S. H. 2018. “Defining an African Vocabulary for the Exploration of Possibilities in Higher Education”. Alternation 23: 197–223. https://doi.org/10.29086/2519-5476/2018/sp23a9. DOI: https://doi.org/10.29086/2519-5476/2018/sp23a9

Kumalo, S. H. 2020. “Resurrecting the Black Archive through the Decolonisation of Philosophy in South Africa”. Third World Thematics: A TWQ Journal 5 (1–2): 19–36. https://doi.org/10.1080/23802014.2020.1798276. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/23802014.2020.1798276

Le Grange, L. 2019. “Currere’s Active Force and the Concept of Ubuntu”. In Internationalizing Curriculum Studies, edited by C. Hébert, N. Ng-A-Fook, A. Ibrahim and B. Smith, 207–26. Cham: Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-01352-3_13. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-01352-3_13

Le Grange, L. 2014. “Currere’s Active Force and the Africanisation of the University Curriculum”. South African Journal of Higher Education 28 (4): 1283–294. https://hdl.handle.net/10520/EJC159186.

Linton, J. 2018. “Quiet Contributors: The Role of the Arts, Humanities and Social Sciences in Innovation”. Foresight and STI Governance: Journal of the National Research University Higher School of Economics 12 (3): 6–12. https://doi.org/10.17323/2500-2597.2018.3.6.12. DOI: https://doi.org/10.17323/2500-2597.2018.3.6.12

Madlingozi, T. 2016. “On Settler Colonialism and Post-Conquest ‘Constitutionness’: The Decolonising Constitutional Vision of African Nationalists of Azania/South Africa”. Accessed November 11, 2022. https://www.academia.edu/33747352/On_Settler_Colonialism_and_Post_Conquest_Constitutionness_The_Decolonising_Constitutional_Vision_of_African_Nationalists_of_Azania_South_Africa.

Madlingozi, T. 2018. “Decolonising ‘Decolonisation’ with Mphahlele”. New Frame, November 1, 2018. Accessed November 10, 2022. https://www.newframe.com/decolonising-decolonisation-mphahlele/.

Magadla, S. 2015. “Women Combatants and the Liberation Movements in South Africa: Guerrilla Girls, Combative Mothers and the In-Betweeners”. In “Gender, Peace and Security in Africa”, edited by R. Sigsworth and C. Hendricks, special issue, African Security Review 24 (4): 390–402. https://doi.org/10.1080/10246029.2015.1088645. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/10246029.2015.1088645

Magadla, S. 2017. “Demobilisation and the Civilian Reintegration of Women Ex-Combatants in Post-Apartheid South Africa: The Aftermath of Transnational Guerrilla Girls, Combative Mothers and In-Betweeners in the Shadows of a Late Twentieth-Century War”. PhD diss., Rhodes University. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/41775.

Magadla, S 2021a. “The Lives of Women Ex-combatants in Post-Apartheid South Africa”. In Ex-Combatants’ Voices, edited by J. D. Brewer and A. Wahidin, 179–205. Cham: Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-61566-6_8. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-61566-6_8

Magadla, S. 2021b. “Theorizing African Women and Girls in Combat: From National Liberation to the War on Terrorism”. In The Palgrave Handbook of African Women’s Studies, edited by O. Yacob-Haliso and T. Falola, 561–77. Cham: Palgrave Macmillan. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-28099-4_86. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-28099-4_86

Maldonado-Torres, N. 2007. “On the Coloniality of Being”. Cultural Studies 21 (2–3): 240–70. https://doi.org/10.1080/09502380601162548. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/09502380601162548

Mbembe, J. A. 2016. “Decolonizing the University: New Directions”. Arts and Humanities in Higher Education 15 (1): 29–45. https://doi.org/10.1177/1474022215618513. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1474022215618513

Mignolo, W. D. 2007. “Introduction: Coloniality of Power and De-colonial Thinking”. Cultural Studies 21 (2–3): 155–67. https://doi.org/10.1080/09502380601162498. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/09502380601162498

Mkhize, T. 2018. “Iziganeko Zesizwe: Occasional Poems (S.E.K. Mqhayi)”. Tydskrif vir Letterkunde 55 (1): 191–93. https://doi.org/10.17159/2309-9070/tvl.v.55i1.4273. DOI: https://doi.org/10.17159/2309-9070/tvl.v.55i1.4273

Moore, T. O. 2005. “A Fanonian Perspective on Double Consciousness”. Journal of Black Studies 35 (6): 751–62. https://doi.org/10.1177/0021934704263839. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0021934704263839

Muller, J. 2009. “Forms of Knowledge and Curriculum Coherence”. Journal of Education and Work 22 (3): 205–26. https://doi.org/10.1080/13639080902957905. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/13639080902957905

Musila, G. A. 2019. “Thinking While Black”. In Black in the Academy: Reframing Knowledge, the Knower, and Knowing, edited by G. Khunou, E. Phaswana, K. Khoza-Shangase and H. Canham, 65–80. Cape Town: HSRC Press.

Ndlovu-Gatsheni, S. 2013. Coloniality of Power in Postcolonial Africa: Myths of Decolonization. Oxford: African Books Collective.

Ndlovu-Gatsheni, S. 2018. Epistemic Freedom in Africa: Deprovincialization and Decolonization. London: Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780429492204. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4324/9780429492204

Newman, J. H. 1852. Discourses on the Scope and Nature of University Education: Addressed to the Catholics of Dublin. Dublin: James Duffy.

Ngcamu, B. S. 2019. “Digitalizing South African Universities: Exploring Benefits, Barriers and Risks”. In Digital Leadership: A New Leadership Style for the 21st Century, edited by M. Franco, 145–56. London: IntechOpen.

Nkrumah, K. 1966. Neo-Colonialism: The Last Stage of Imperialism. New York, NY: International Publishers.

Nxasana, T. 2011. “The Journey of the African as Missionary: The Journal and Selected Writings of the Reverend Tiyo Soga”. English in Africa 38 (2): 61–76. https://doi.org/10.4314/eia.v38i2.4. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4314/eia.v38i2.4

Nxasana, T. 2016. “Nontsizi Mgqwetho’s the Nation’s Bounty: A Prophetic Voice towards an African Literary Theory”. PhD diss., Rhodes University. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/4547.

Nyoka, B. 2020. The Social and Political Thought of Archie Mafeje. Johannesburg: Wits University Press. https://doi.org/10.18772/12020095942. DOI: https://doi.org/10.18772/12020095942

Okello, W. K. 2020. “‘Loving Flesh’: Self-Love, Student Development Theory, and the Coloniality of Being”. Journal of College Student Development 61 (6): 717–32. https://doi.org/10.1353/csd.2020.0071. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1353/csd.2020.0071

Olssen, M., and M. A Peters. 2005. “Neoliberalism, Higher Education and the Knowledge Economy: From the Free Market to Knowledge Capitalism”. Journal of Education Policy 20 (3): 313–45. https://doi.org/10.1080/02680930500108718. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/02680930500108718

Pinar, W. F. 1994. “The Method of ‘Currere’ (1975)”. Counterpoints 2: 19–27.

Putnam, D. 1995. “Bowling Alone: America’s Declining Social Capital”. Journal of Democracy 6 (1): 65–78. https://doi.org/10.1353/jod.1995.0002. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1353/jod.1995.0002

Quijano, A. 2000. “Coloniality of Power and Eurocentrism in Latin America”. International Sociology 15 (2): 215–32. https://doi.org/10.1177/0268580900015002005. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0268580900015002005

Radakrishnan, R. 2007. “Edward Said’s Literary Humanism”. Cultural Critique 67: 13–42. https://doi.org/10.1353/cul.2007.0032. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1353/cul.2007.0032

Ramose, M. B. 2016. “Teacher and Student with a Critical Pan-Epistemic Orientation: An Ethical Necessity for Africanising the Educational Curriculum in Africa”. In “Africanising the Philosophy Curriculum in Universities in Africa”, edited by E. Etieyibo, special issue, South African Journal of Philosophy/Suid-Afrikaanse Tydskrif vir Wysbegeerte 35 (4): 546–55. https://doi.org/10.1080/02580136.2016.1247248. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/02580136.2016.1247248

Readings, B. 1996. The University in Ruins. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.

Robertson, S., and R. Dale. 2002. “Local States of Emergency: The Contradictions of Neo-Liberal Governance in Education in New Zealand”. British Journal of Sociology of Education 23 (3): 463–82. https://doi.org/10.1080/0142569022000015472. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/0142569022000015472

Rodney, W. 1972. How Europe Underdeveloped Africa. Dar es Salaam: Tanzania Publishing House.

RSA (Republic of South Africa). 1997. Higher Education Act, 1997. Government Gazette Vol. 390, No. 18515. Cape Town: Government Printers. Accessed November 9, 2022. https://www.gov.za/sites/default/files/gcis_document/201409/a101-97.pdf.

Shore, C., and S. Wright. 1999. “Audit Culture and Anthropology: Neo-Liberalism in British Higher Education”. The Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute 5 (4): 557–75. https://doi.org/10.2307/2661148. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/2661148

Shore, C., and S. Wright. 2000. “Coercive Accountability: The Rise of Audit Culture in Higher Education”. In Audit Cultures: Anthropological Studies in Accountability, Ethics and the Academy, edited by M. Strathern, 57–90. London: Routledge.

Shore, C. 2010. “Beyond the Multiversity: Neoliberalism and the Rise of the Schizophrenic University”. Social Anthropology 18 (1): 15–29. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8676.2009.00094.x. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8676.2009.00094.x

Slaughter, S., and G. Rhoades. 2000. “The Neo-Liberal University”. New Labor Forum Spring: 73–79.

Sonn, I., and N. Vermeulen. 2018. “Occupational Therapy Students’ Experiences and Perceptions of Culture during Fieldwork Education”. South African Journal of Occupational Therapy 48 (1): 34–39. https://doi.org/10.17159/2310-3833/2017/vol48n1a7. DOI: https://doi.org/10.17159/2310-3833/2017/vol48n1a7

Strathern, M. 2000. Audit Cultures: Anthropological Studies in Accountability, Ethics and the Academy. London: Routledge.

Valenzuela, A. 2019. “The Struggle to Decolonize Official Knowledge in Texas’ State Curriculum: Side-Stepping the Colonial Matrix of Power”. Equity and Excellence in Education 52 (2–3): 197–215. https://doi.org/10.1080/10665684.2019.1649609. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/10665684.2019.1649609

Von Humboldt, Wilhelm. 1903. “Über die innere und ußere Organisation der höheren wissenschaftlichen Anstalten in Berlin”. In Wilhelm von Humboldts Gesammelte Schriften: Politische Denkschrif-ten, Vol. 1, edited by B. Gebhardt, 250–60. Berlin: Behr’s.

Wallin, J. J. 2011. “What Is? Curriculum Theorizing: For a People Yet to Come”. Studies in Philosophy and Education 30 (3): 285–301. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11217-010-9210-y. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11217-010-9210-y

Whyte, J. 2019. The Morals of the Market: Human Rights and the Rise of Neoliberalism. London: Verso Books.

Zeleza, P. 2006. “Beyond Afropessimism: Historical Accounting of African Universities”. Pambazuka News, August 30, 2006. Accessed November 13, 2022. https://www.pambazuka.org/governance/beyond-afropessimism-historical-accounting-african-universities.

Downloads

Published

2022-11-22

How to Cite

Hlatshwayo, Mlamuli Nkosingphile. 2022. “The Rise of the Neoliberal University in South Africa: Some Implications for Curriculum Imagination(s)”. Education As Change 26 (November):21 pages. https://doi.org/10.25159/1947-9417/11421.

Issue

Section

Themed Section 2
Received 2022-05-31
Accepted 2022-09-27
Published 2022-11-22