Education under Occupation in Palestine: Resilience and Resistance

Abu Hilal, A. 2023. “The Occupation Violates the Right to Education and Decides to Close 6 Schools in Jerusalem”. Al-Quds, March 15, 2023. Accessed July 2, 2023. https://bit.ly/43UDEUx.

Al Hasanat, K. 2022. “The History of Higher Education in Palestine: An Analytical Study”. MA diss., Mansoura University. Accessed June 22, 2023. https://maed.journals.ekb.eg/article_288719_91acc6035f7257c3c6a77c475caf0024.pdf.

Al Jazeera. 2023. “Palestine’s Huwara Should Be Wiped Out: Top Israeli Minister”. Al Jazeera, March 1, 2023. Accessed July 3, 2023. https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/3/1/israel-arrests-settlers-after-anti-palestinian-pogrom.

Al-Rai. 2022. “Martyrs Are Present in the Classroom with Pictures and Memories”. Al-Rai, August 2022. Accessed June 23, 2023. https://bit.ly/47jt8ZX.

Arab 48. 2022. “The Occupation Arrests a Principal and a Teacher Because of a School Play in Anata”. Arab 48, August 2, 2022. Accessed September 27, 2023. https://bit.ly/47mOgyr.

Arab 48. 2023. “Israel Intends to Stop Recognizing Palestinian University Degrees”. Arab 48, February 1, 2023. Accessed June 23, 2023. https://bit.ly/3DIyjoT.

Arij. 2019. “Palestinians Lose about 60 Million Working Hours Annually Due to Israeli Military Checkpoints in the West Bank”. Arij, July 1, 2019. Accessed July 4, 2023. https://bit.ly/3YpY3Qj.

Broco, F. S., and J. Trad. 2011. “Education in the Palestinian Territories”. Presentation made to the Center for Middle Eastern Studies (CEMOFPSC) Round Table 2011: An Education of Quality in the Conflict Area, as a Way of Improving Peace and Integration, April 28, 2011. Accessed September 27, 2023. https://cemofps.org/documents/download/jumana_trad.pdf.

CDA (Commission of Detainees and Ex-Detainees Affairs). 2022. “Prisoners Commission: House Arrest Is a Dagger in the Side of Jerusalemites”. CDA, December 26, 2022. https://cda.gov.ps/index.php/ar/ar-news-2/11764-2023-01-03-07-48-12.

Darwish, I. 2023. Head of Chemistry Department at Birzeit University. Interview with the author. July 15, 2023, Birzeit University.

EU Reporter Correspondent. 2022. “Palestinian Authority Slammed by EU Budget Committee for New Textbooks with Increased Hate Speech and Violence”. EU Reporter, April 1, 2022. Accessed September 27, 2023. https://www.eureporter.co/politics/european-parliament-2/2022/04/01/palestinian-authority-slammed-by-eu-budget-committee-for-new-textbooks-with-increased-hate-speech-and-violence/.

GEI (Georg Eckert Institute). 2021. Report on Palestinian Textbooks. Braunschweig: GEI. Accessed July 14, 2023. https://owncloud.gei.de/index.php/s/FwkMw8NZgCAJgPW.

Gerner, D. J., and P. A. Schrodt. 1999. “Into the New Millennium: Challenges Facing Palestinian Higher Education in the Twenty-First Century”. Arab Studies Quarterly 19–34.

Ghaith, A. 2023. Director of Supplies and Purchasing at Birzeit University. Interview with the author. July 17, 2023, Birzeit University.

Hallaj, M. 1989. “L’éducation Palestinniene dans les territoires occupés” [Palestinian Education in the Occupied Territories]. In Les Palestiniens de L’interieur: Les livres de la Revue d’etudes Palestiniennes, edited by C. Mansour, chapter 5. Washington, DC: Institute for Palestine Studies.

Hass, A. 2022. “Israel to Decide for Palestinians Which Foreign Lecturers Can Teach at West Bank Universities”. Haaretz, March 8, 2022. Accessed August 1, 2023. https://bit.ly/3KvXnTR.

Hegazy, Y. 2020. “Education and Individual Psychological Health: The Palestinian Case”. Palestinian Guidance Center. Accessed July 20, 2023. https://bit.ly/45AoOEb.

HRW (Human Rights Watch). 2023. “West Bank: New Entry Rules Further Isolate Palestinians”. HRW, January 23, 2023. Accessed June 29, 2023. https://www.hrw.org/news/2023/01/23/west-bank-new-entry-rules-further-isolate-palestinians.

Makkawi, I. 2017. “Towards Decolonizing Community Psychology: Insights from the Palestinian Colonial Context”. In Frontiere di Comunità: Complessità a confronto / a cura di Davide Boniforti, Cinzia Albanesi, Alberto Zatti, 12–33. Italian Society of Community Psychology (SIPCO), University of Bergamo, and University of Bologna. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11889/5424.

Miftah. 2021. “Policy Paper: Education in the Old City of Hebron”. Policy paper prepared as part of the Youth as Human Right Defenders project funded by the European Union. Accessed August 22, 2023. http://www.miftah.org/Doc/Factsheets/Miftah/English/PolicyPaper_Education_in_the_Old_City_of_Hebron_En.pdf.

Ministry of Education. 2023. “The Most Prominent Israeli Violations against the Educational Process during 2022”. WAFA Palestinian News and Info Agency, April 2023. Accessed August 1, 2023. https://info.wafa.ps/ar_page.aspx?id=oZyVVKa28221379956aoZyVVK.

Msdr News. 2023. “For the Second Time in a Week, the Occupation Demolishes Al Tahadi School 5 in Bethlehem”. Msdr News, May 10, 2023. Accessed September 27, 2023. https://bit.ly/3Yvcnak.

Nassr, A. 2023. Interview with the author. July 16, 2023, Ramallah.

OCHA (United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs). 2018. “Over 700 Road Obstacles Control Palestinian Movement within the West Bank”. OCHA, October 8, 2018. https://www.ochaopt.org/content/over-700-road-obstacles-control-palestinian-movement-within-west-bank.

IMPACT-se (The Institute for Monitoring Peace and Cultural Tolerance in School Education). 2022. Palestinian Authority Ministry of Education Study Cards 2021–22: Grades 1–11; Selected Examples. London: IMPACT-se. Accessed August 2, 2023. https://www.impact-se.org/wp-content/uploads/PA-MoE-Study-Cards-2021%E2%80%9322-Grades-1%E2%80%9311.pdf.

Palestinian Ministry of Education. 2021. Violations by the Occupying Power of the Right to Education in Palestine. Ramallah: Palestinian Ministry of Education. Unpublished internal report given to authors.

PCBS (Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics). 2022. “The Occasion of International Literacy Day”. Press Release by PCBC, September 8, 2022. Accessed September 8, 2022. https://www.pcbs.gov.ps/post.aspx?lang=en&ItemID=4312.

Quds News. 2018. “Injuries After the Occupation Closed the University of Palestine in Hebron”. Quds News April 26, 2018. Accessed June 21, 2023. https://qudsn.co/post/146897.

Sayigh, R. 1979. Palestinians: From Peasants to Revolutionaries: A People’s History. London: Zed Press.

Sayigh, R. 2008. “Palestinians: From Peasants to Revolutionaries a Quarter of a Century On: Unexplored Problems of Palestinian Identity”. In Temps et Espaces en Palestine: Flux et Résistances Identitaires [Of Times and Spaces in Palestine: The Flows and Resistances], edited by R. Heacock, 247–57. Beirut: Presses de l’Ifpo. https://doi.org/10.4000/books.ifpo.495. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4000/books.ifpo.495

Right2Edu (Right to Education Campaign Birzeit Uni). 2022. “Call to Action: Birzeit University Rejects Israeli Measures against Academic Freedom”. Right2Edu, March 12, 2022. Accessed July 22, 2023. http://right2edu.birzeit.edu/call-to-action-birzeit-university-rejects-israeli-measures-against-academic-freedom/.

Stop the Wall: Palestinian Grassroots Anti-Apartheid Wall Campaign. n.d. “The Wall”. Accessed July 22, 2023. https://www.stopthewall.org/the-wall/.

WAFA Palestinian News and Info Agency. n.d. “Closure of Higher Education Institutions in Palestine by Israeli Military Orders”. Accessed July 18, 2023. https://info.wafa.ps/ar_page.aspx?id=ok5Ssma27852099792aok5Ssm.

WAFA Palestinian News and Info Agency. n.d. “The Impact of the Annexation Wall and Racial Expansion on Palestinian Education”. Accessed July 16, 2023. https://info.wafa.ps/ar_page.aspx?id=8597.

WAFA Palestinian News and Info Agency. n.d. “The Prisoner Children”. Accessed June 4, 2023. https://info.wafa.ps/ar_page.aspx?id=3790.

WAFA Palestinian News and Info Agency. n.d. “Prisoners in Occupation and Education Prisons”. Accessed June 17, 2023. https://info.wafa.ps/ar_page.aspx?id=0u3Mdga9187271709a0u3Mdg&fbclid=IwAR0CyGoRunYk45kXoNV6Y7hWPp_FBwzrFXFI-87hm6b05W-jsgsJvcSITrY.

Ziadeh, Rafeef. 2011. “We Teach Life”. YouTube video, 4: 38. Accessed September 27, 2023. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aKucPh9xHtM.