CRITERIA FOR EVALUATING THE SOCIAL CAPITAL OF THE NWU DISTANCE LEARNING COMMUNITY

Authors

  • C du Toit-Brits School of Education North-West University Potchefstroom Campus Potchefstroom, South Africa

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.25159/0256-8853/582

Keywords:

dialogue, distance learning, community, educational dialogue, social capital

Abstract

Discussions of dialogue have been at the heart of Distance Learning (well known in the theories of Borge, Holmberg and Moore). This theoretical article focuses on formulating criteria for evaluating the social capital of a particular Distance Learning community, at the North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus (NWU), and attempts to put forward specific thoughts regarding the importance of dialogue as a key pedagogical method within the Distance Learning setting at NWU through which social capital is being shaped. A number of educationalists recently re-examined the position that dialogue occupies in the Distance Learning setting. Distance Learning is to facilitate through a distance; these students and lecturers are divided physically in occasion and space. Consequently, Distance Learning students and lecturers lack the communal physical attendance that is imperative for communication. In Distance Learning, many communication pathways are imprecise. This article specifically deals with the essentially dialogic nature of the educational dialogue in Distance Learning, and the need to establish criteria for evaluating the social capital of a particular Distance Learning community. 

References

Bandura, A. 2002. Social cognitive theory in cultural context. Applied Psychology 51(2): 269–290. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/1464-0597.00092

Beaudoin, M. F. 2002. Learning or lurking? Tracking the ‘invisible’ online student. Internet and Higher Education 5: 147–155. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S1096-7516(02)00086-6

Bourdieu, P. 1983. Forms of capital. In Handbook of theory and research for the sociology of education, ed. J. C. Richards. New York: Greenwood Press.

Burbules, N. C. 1993. Dialogue in teaching (Vol. 10). New York: Teachers College Press.

Burbules, N. C. and R. Berk. 1999. Critical thinking and critical pedagogy: Relations, differences, and limits. In Critical theories in education, ed. T. S. Popkewitz and L. Fendler, 45–66. New York, NY: Routledge.

Coleman, J. C. 1988. Social capital in the creation of human capital. American Journal of Sociology 94: S95–S120. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1086/228943

Coleman, J. C. 1990, 1994. Foundations of social theory. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press.

Colletta, N. J. 2003. Human security, poverty, and conflict: Reform of international financial institutions. In Human insecurity in a global world, ed. L. Chen, S. Fukuda-Parr and J. Seidenstricker, 215–243. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press.

De Vos, A. S. 2005. Qualitative data analysis and interpretation. In Research at grassroots for the social sciences and human service professions, ed. A. S. de Vos, H. Strydom, C. B. Fouche and C. S. L. Delport, 333–349. 3rd ed. Pretoria: Van Schaik.

Du Toit, C. 2011. Riglyne vir effektiewe onderwys vir afkampusonderwysprogramme vir praktiserende onderwysers. Unpulished PhD thesis. Faculty of Education Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom.

Du Toit-Brits, C., F. J. Potgieter and V. A. Hongwane. 2012. Distance education as a ‘WE-NESS’: A case for ubuntu as a theoretical framework. Progressio 34(2): 3–16.

Ertmer, P. A. and T. J. Newby. 1993. Behaviorism, cognitivism, constructivism: Comparing critical features from an instructional design perspective. Performance Improvement Quaterly 6(4): 50–72. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1937-8327.1993.tb00605.x

Ertmer, P. A. 1997. Common qualitative research designs. In Practical research. Planning and designing, ed. P. D. Leedy, 155–172. 6th ed. New Jersey: Prentice-Hall.

Freire, P. 1998. Pedagogy of freedom: Ethics, democracy, and civic courage. Maryland: Rowman and Littlefield.

Freire, P. 2000. Pedagogy of the oppressed. New York, NY: Continuum.

Field, J. 2003. Social capital. London: Routledge. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203634080

Fukuyama, F. 1996. Trust: The social virtues and the creation of prosperity. New York: Free Press.

Fukuyama, F. 1999. The great disruption. Human nature and the reconstitution of social order. London: Profile Books.

Hanifan, L. J. 1916. The rural school community center. Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 67: 130–138. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/000271621606700118

Hanifan, L. J. 1920. The community center. Boston: Silver Burdett.

Heidegger, M. 1977. Sein und Zeit. Frankfurt am Main: Vittorio Klostermann.

Henri, F. 1992. Computer conferencing and content analysis. In Collaborative learning through computer conferencing: The Najaden papers 90, ed. A. R. Kaye, 117–136. New York: Springer-Verlag. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-77684-7_8

Holmberg B., R. Schuemer and A. Obermeier. 1982. Zur Effizienz des gelenkten didaktischen Gespräches (with a summary in English). Hagen: FernUniveität, ZIFF.

Holmberg, B. 1989. The concepts and applications of distance education and open learning. Paper presented at the 7th International Conference on new concepts in higher education on, 12–15 December 1989. Bangkok. Unpublished.

Holmberg, B. 2003. A theory of distance education based on empathy. In Handbook of distance education, ed. M. G. Moore and W. G. Anderson, 113–127. New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum.

Kozleski, E. B. and S. M. Skelton. 2007. Culturally responsive leadership. Available at http://www.nccrest.org/events/culturally_responsive_leadership_2.ppt (accessed 18 June 2014).

Kozleski, E. B. and F. R. Waitoller. 2010. Teacher learning for inclusive education: Understanding teaching as a cultural and political practice. International Journal of Inclusive Education 14: 655–666. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/13603111003778379

Langeveld, M. J. 1968. Beknopte Theoretische Pedagogik. 10th Edition. Groningen: Wolters-Noordhof.

Lefstein, A. 2006. Paper 33: Dialogue in schools: Towards a pragmatic approach. Working Papers in Urban Language and Literacies, King’s College, 1-16. Institute of Education, University of London.

Levinas, E. 1969. Totality and infinity: An essay on exteriority. Translated by Alphonso Lingis. Pittsburgh: Duquesne University Press.

Moore, M. G. 1984. Independent study. In Redefining the discipline of adult education, ed. R. A. Boyd and J. W. Apps, 16–31. San Francisco: Jossey Bass.

Moore, M. G. 1989. Three types of interaction. The American Journal of Distance Education 3(2): 1–17. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/08923648909526659

Moore, M. 1990. Recent contributions to the theory of distance education. Open Learning 5(3): 10 –15. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/0268051900050303

Moore, M. G. 1993. Theory of transactional distance. In Theoretical principles of distance education, ed. D. Keegan, 22–38. London: Routledge.

Moore, M. G. 2002. Information and communication technologies. In Distance education. Specialized training course. UNESCO.

Moore, M. G. 2004. Learner support. The American Journal of Distance Education 17(3): 141–143. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1207/S15389286AJDE1703_1

Moore, M. G. 2007. The theory of transactional distance. In Handbook of distance education, ed. M. G. Moore and W. G. Anderson, 59–105. New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum.

Moore, M. G. and G. Kearsley. 2005. Distance education: A systems view. 2nd ed. Belmont, CA: Thomson Wadsworth.

Potgieter, F. J. 2006. Mentoring school-based educators-in-training. Short course of the Faculty of Education Sciences Potchefstroom: North-West University.

Punch, K. 1998. Introduction to social research. Quantitative and qualitative approaches. London: SAGE.

Putnam, R. D. 1993. Making democracy work. Civic traditions in modern Italy. Princeton NJ: Princeton University Press. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515/9781400820740

Putnam, R. D. 1995. Bowling alone: America’s declining social capital. Journal of Democracy 6(1): 65–78. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1353/jod.1995.0002

Putnam, R. D. 2000. Bowling alone. The collapse and revival of American community. New York: Simon and Schuster. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1145/358916.361990

Riestenberg, N. 2012. Circle in the square: Building community and repairing harm. St. Paul, MN: Living Justice Press.

Saba, F. and R. L. Shearer. 1994. Verifying key theoretical concepts in a dynamic model of distance education. The American Journal of Distance Education 8(1): 36–59. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/08923649409526844

Shearer, R. L. 2009. Transactional distance and dialogue: An exploratory study to refine the theoretical construct of dialogue in online learning. Unpublished Dissertation. The Pennsylvania State University, University Park.

Smith, L. T. 2005. On tricky ground: Researching the native of the age of uncertainty. In The Sage handbook of qualitative research, ed. N. K. Denzin and Y. S. Lincold, 85−108. Thousand Oaks: Sage.

Smith, M. K. 2007. Social capital. In The Encyclopedia of Informal Education. www.infed.org/biblio/social_capital.htm (accessed 7 May 2010).

Stein, S. J. 2004. The culture of education policy. New York, NY: Teachers College Press.

Woolcock, M. and D. Narayan. 2000. Social capital: Implications for development theory, research, and policy. The World Bank Research Observer 15(2): 225–249. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/wbro/15.2.225

Worldbank. 1999. ‘What is social capital? PovertyNet. Available at http://www.worldbank.org/poverty/scapital/whatsc.htm (accessed 19 Aug. 2008).

Downloads

Published

2015-11-09

How to Cite

du Toit-Brits, C. 2015. “CRITERIA FOR EVALUATING THE SOCIAL CAPITAL OF THE NWU DISTANCE LEARNING COMMUNITY”. Progressio 37 (2):21-32. https://doi.org/10.25159/0256-8853/582.

Issue

Section

Articles
Received 2015-11-09
Accepted 2015-11-09
Published 2015-11-09